开关柜内部故障电弧的在线检测和保护装置

通过一系列多种光源的传感试验研究,确定了内部故障电弧弧光的特征.在此基础上,采用弧光单判据规则,研发了光纤传感器和一种经济实用的分布式多点内部故障电弧检测保护装置.该装置不仅结构简单、成本低廉,而且动作时间快、抗干扰能力强;不仅可单独使用,也可与各种继电保护装置集成,从而使得开关柜在成本增加不多的情况下,技术水平和附加值都得到很大提高.     

双断点与单断点万能式断路器电动稳定性的分析与对比

提出了一种新型双断点万能式断路器。以两个简化的模型,在短路电流作用下,分析了双断点和单断点万能式断路器触头上的电动斥力,对比了双断点和单断点万能式断路器触头上的电动稳定性,说明了双断点结构具有高电动稳定性的原因。指出提高操作机构的机械强度是双断点万能式断路器设计的关键。     

讨论和分析近期低压电器的若干新技术

分析和讨论了近期低压电器的若干新技术,如断路器单断点与双断点分断技术及其系列结构方案比较、永磁接触器与智能操作结合更加节能、根据电弧测试与气吹机理设计新型灭弧室、虚拟样机的应用提高了断路器分断能力。这些新技术有助于低压电器的技术创新。     

土工格栅加筋粘土邓肯-张模型试验参数研究

针对广泛应用于土工数值模拟分析中的邓肯-张模型,利用常规三轴压缩试验,对土工格栅加筋粘土的邓肯-张模型参数随含水率和加筋层数的变化规律进行研究。三轴压缩试验中含水率分别为17.5%,20%,22.5%,25%,加筋层为0,1,2层。研究结果表明,模型各参数随含水率和加筋层的变化都表现出一定的规律特征,尤其是含水率对参数c、φ、K、n、D的影响较为明显,可以认为含水率变化是引起土工格栅加筋粘土邓肯-张模型参数动态变化的重要原因;粘土加入土工格栅显著提高了粘土的φ、K、Rf值,在一定程度上说明了土工格栅加筋粘土的加筋效果。     

Hierarchical spheres assembled from large ultrathin anatase TiO2 nanosheets for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting

We report the synthesis of TiO₂ hierarchical spheres (THS) with large specific surface area via a facile one-pot solvothermal method. The as-prepared THS are self-assembled by ultrathin TiO₂ nanosheets with thickness of several nanometers and they show a uniform spherical morphology with an average size of 500–700 nm. However, the as-prepared light yellow THS exhibit inferior photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water splitting due to the poor crystallization of TiO₂ and the existence of oxygen vacancies. Significantly, a subsequent thermal treatment improves the crystallinity of THS, reduces the oxygen vacancies, and thereby enhances the photocatalytic performance. It demonstrates that the sample annealed at 550 °C (THS550) exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity, about 5 times higher than that of commercial TiO₂ nanoparticles (CTiO₂). Moreover, the THS550 sample loaded with 1 wt% Pt exhibits an hydrogen evolution rate as high as 17.9 mmol h^?1g^?1, and the corresponding apparent quantum efficiency has been determined to be 28.46% under 350 nm light irradiation.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金钎焊的研究进展

Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金复合构件在电子封装、航空设备和机械工程等领域均有广阔的应用前景,但因Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金理化性能的差异,焊接界面常存在焊接残余应力大、难以形成良好化学冶金结合等问题。总结Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金采用真空钎焊、部分液相瞬时钎焊和镀膜钎焊的研究进展,阐述Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金同钎料之间界面结合机理,展望Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金钎焊的发展趋势。     

浙江玫瑰醋异常发酵微生物的鉴定及控制途径探索

为探究浙江玫瑰醋异常发酵的原因,从异常发酵玫瑰醋的表面膜醭分离菌株,并通过回接实验考察其发酵特征,采用形态观察、分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并探讨其发酵特性及控制途径。结果表明,分离到4株细菌和2株真菌,均有异常发酵特征,其中接种菌株X-4的醋样出现明显的发酵臭味,而接种菌株Z-1和Z-2的醋样表面形成膜醭。经鉴定,4株细菌分别为类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus sp.）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis）、蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）,2株真菌分别为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母（Pichia kudriavzevii）和盔形毕赤酵母（Pichia manshurica）。低温是异常发酵微生物成为优势菌的前提条件,毕赤酵母产生的膜醭阻断了醋酸菌的氧气供应是导致醋酸异常发酵的主要因素。一旦玫瑰醋发生异常,应及时翻缸、升高温度、加入醪液。     

远程控制顶部驱动水泥头技术现状分析

介绍了3家国外公司的远程控制顶部驱动水泥头(Halliburton公司CommanderTM1000水泥头、Weatherford公司BA-RCTDH水泥头及Baker Hughes公司Launch PROTM水泥头)的结构、工作原理等技术情况。对比分析了3种水泥头技术性能、胶塞投放方式和控制方式等特点。分析结果表明,远程控制顶部驱动水泥头具有高耐压、高承载及高承扭等特点,是适用于套管及尾管固井的高端固井工具。最后指出我国需加快研制具有自主知识产权的水泥头产品。     

Factors affecting the presence of dissolved glutathione in estuarine waters

We investigated factors influencing the presence of the thiol glutathione (GSH) in estuarine waters. Our study addressed thiol phase-association, the biological release from algal cultures, and the role of copper in both thiol release and preservation. Our measurements in three diverse estuaries in the continental United States (San Diego Bay, Cape Fear Estuary, and Norfolk Estuary) show that dissolved GSH, present at sub-nanomolar levels, is preferentially partitioned into the ultra-filtrate fraction (<1 kDa) in comparison with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Concentrations of GSH generally increased with increases in total copper (Cu)levels, although large variability was observed among estuaries. In 30-h exposure experiments, release of dissolved GSH from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii into organic ligand-free experimental media was a strong function of added Cu concentration. The released GSH increased from about 0.02 to 0.27 fmol/cell as Cu was increased from the background level (0.5 nM) to 310 nM in the modified Aquil media. However, excretion of GSH was lower (up to 0.13 fmol/cell) when cells were grown in surface waters of San Diego Bay, despite much higher total Cu concentrations. Experiments conducted in-situ in San Diego Bay water indicated that high concentrations of added Cu destabilized GSH, while both Mn(II) and natural colloids promoted GSH stability. In contrast, laboratory experiments in synthetic media indicated that moderate levels of added Cu enhanced GSH stability.     

一种简单适用的离心叶轮工程测绘和绘型方法

介绍了一种工程上简单适用的离心叶轮的测绘方法,该方法简单、便捷、快速,较以往叶轮测绘方法简单、速度快、准确率高;根据叶轮水力设计理论采用方格网保角变换法进行叶轮水力尺寸的绘制,结果表明：通过该方法设计的叶轮,与原测绘叶轮的性能十分接近,完全能满足工程上的应用.