Uncovering the Potential of M1-Site-Activated NASICON Cathodes for Zn-Ion Batteries

There is a long-standing consciousness that the rhombohedral NASICON-type compounds as promising cathodes for Li⁺/Na⁺ batteries should have inactive M1(6b) sites with ion (de)intercalation occurring only in the M2 (18e) sites. Of particular significance is that M1 sites active for charge/discharge are commonly considered undesirable because the ion diffusion tends to be disrupted by the irregular occupation of channels, which accelerates the deterioration of battery. However, it is found that the structural stability can be substantially improved by the mixed occupation of Na⁺/Zn²⁺ at both M1 and M2 when using NaV₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) as a cathode for Zn-ion batteries. The results of atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, analysis of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, and an accurate bond-valence-based structural model reveal that the improvement is due to the facile migration of Zn²⁺ in NVP, which is enabled by a concerted Na⁺/Zn²⁺ transfer mechanism. In addition, significant improvement of the electronic conductivity and mechanical properties is achieved in Zn²⁺-intercalated ZnNaV₂(PO₄)₃ in comparison with those of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃. This work not only provides in-depth insight into Zn²⁺ intercalation and dynamics in NVP unlocked by activating the M1 sites, but also opens a new route toward design of improved NASICON cathodes.     

Regulating Surface and Grain‐Boundary Structures of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes for Ultrahigh Cycle Stability

The wide applications of Ni‐rich LiNi_1‐x‐yCo_xMn_yO₂ cathodes are severely limited by capacity fading and voltage fading during the cycling process resulting from the pulverization of particles, interfacial side reactions, and phase transformation. The canonical surface modification approach can improve the stability to a certain extent; however, it fails to resolve the key bottlenecks. The preparation of Li(Ni_0.4Co_0.2Mn_0.4)_1‐xTi_xO₂ on the surface of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ particles with a coprecipitation method is reported. After sintering, Ti diffuses into the interior and mainly distributes along surface and grain boundaries. A strong surface and grain boundary strengthening are simultaneously achieved. The pristine particles are fully pulverized into first particles due to mechanical instability and high strains, which results in serious capacity fading. In contrast, the strong surface and the grain boundary strengthening can maintain the structural integrity, and therefore significantly improve the cycle stability. A general and simple strategy for the design of high‐performance Ni‐rich LiNi_1‐x‐yCo_xMn_yO₂ cathode is provided and is applicable to surface modification and grain‐boundary regulation of other advanced cathodes for batteries.     

低温微创手术液氮传输过程的压力和传热分析

在低温微创手术中,采用液氮作低温工质,对肿瘤组织进行低温冷冻,为了能精确控制低温治疗探针的温度,需要了解冷疗手术过程中液氮传输的工况.对液氮在输送管中压力和传热进行分析计算,结果表明:低温流体在传输中气、液两相成分比决定于换热和流动阻力,通过对影响换热和压降的主要因素进行试验,从而获得合理的传输模式.     

开孔泡沫金属热传输性能研究进展

介绍了开孔泡沫金属的结构特点,分别从紧凑型换热器、相变储能系统、热管以及催化反应器四个方面的应用分析了国内外开孔泡沫金属热传输性能应用研究现状,指出了泡沫金属在这些领域应用的前景和存在的问题,提出了今后开孔泡沫金属热传输性能的研究及应用方向。     

小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器的数值模拟

对小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器空气侧的流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,对影响其换热性能的2个主要参数椭圆管偏心率和开缝翅片开缝错列高度分布进行优化,与传统管翅式换热器换热性能进行比较。模拟结果表明:当椭圆管两轴之比Rx:Ry=2:3(偏心率),开缝高度分布为0.8 mm,0.6 mm和0.4 mm时,换热效果最好。与传统管翅式换热器相比,小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器换热系数提高10%~20%,而压降几乎相等,总体换热性能提高。     

High pressure phase transitions for CdSe

The structure and pressure-induced phase transitions for CdSe are investigated using first-principles calculations. The pressure-induced phase transition sequence WZ/ZB → Rs → Cmcm → CsCl for CdSe is drawn reasonably for the fist time, the corresponding transition pressures are 3.8, 29 and 107 GPa, respectively and the intermediate states between the Cmcm structure and the CsCl structure should exist.     

Electrochemical treatment of anionic surfactants in synthetic wastewater with three-dimensional electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation of anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, DBS) contained in simulated wastewater treated by three-dimensional electrode system with combined modified kaolin served as packed bed particle electrodes and Ti/Co/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3) anode was studied, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of pollutants in the solutions was also investigated. The results showed that the three-dimensional electrodes in combined process could effectively decompose anionic surfactants. The COD removal efficiency can reach 86%, much higher than that of Ti/Co/SnO(2)-Sb(2)O(3) electrodes used singly or modified kaolin employed singly (graphite as anode and cathode) on the same condition of pH 3 and 38.1 mA/cm(2) current density. The current efficiency and kinetic constant were calculated and energy consumption was studied. At the same time the influence of pH and current density on COD removal efficiency with combined three-dimensional electrodes was also investigated, respectively. The optimal initial pH value of degradation is 3 (acid condition), and a minor COD removal increase follows higher current density.     

台达BW系列变频器在电池极片轧辊机收放卷上的应用

本文主要介绍台达BW系列变频器在电池机片轧辊机收放卷上的应用,利用台达BW系列变频器特有的收放卷功能,达到在金属物料在收放卷的恒张力控制。     

物联网概念和演进路径

近来,物联网成为炙手可热的名词,专家预言物联网将彻底改变人们的生活方式,带动万亿级的产业发展,成为信息化发展的新的推动力量。但是究竟什么是物联网,它离我们还有多远?仍然是众说纷纭,见仁见智。实际上,物联网这一名词来自对互联网的类比,本文试图通过分析物联网和互联网的关系,从人类现代信息化发展的历史角度,用结构化模型的方式,对物联网的概念给予辨析,并提出物联网的未来演进路径。     

利用颜色滤波矩阵估计原图的拼接定位盲取证方法

图像拼接是伪造数字图像最基本的操作,对其的被动盲检测和定位也是数字图像取证亟待解决的关键问题之一。该文通过对图像进行颜色滤波矩阵插值,对图像进行了原图估计,重建其像素邻域一致性。利用待取证图像的边缘点在像素邻域一致性上偏离估计的原始图像的程度,对图像的拼接进行准确定位。实验表明,该方法能够有效地检测图像拼接伪造区域的位置、大小和形状。