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901.
Advances in technology have enabled a proliferation of mobile devices and a broad spectrum of novel and outbreaking solutions for new applications and services. The increasing demand for all time and everywhere services requires the network operators to integrate different kinds of wireless and cellular networks. To enable this integration, it is important that users can roam freely across networks. As different technologies are involved in the current infrastructure, the problem of vertical handover needs to be addressed. To cope with the problem of seamless connectivity, several solutions have been presented. But most of them either lack intelligence or are not adaptable for reducing the packet loss and delay involved in the handover procedure. An intelligent technique is needed in order to perform the service continuity in the heterogeneous environment. This paper presents a cooperative agent based approach for the vertical handover using a knowledge plane. We propose to introduce the agents in the mobile nodes and access points to collect the necessary information from the environment. Based on this information, agents take a handover decision. A selection function is also introduced in this work which helps in choosing a best network from the available ones for handover. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with the help of simulations. 相似文献
902.
903.
Stochastic resonance (SR) is a noise-induced phenomenon whereby signal detection can be improved by the addition of background noise in nonlinear systems. SR can also improve the transmission of information within single neurons. Since information processing in the brain is carried out by neural networks and noise is present throughout the brain, the hypothesis that noise and coupling play an important role in the control of information processing within a population of neurons to control was tested. Using computer simulations, we investigate the effect of noise on the transmission of information in an array of neurons, known as array-enhanced SR (AESR) in an interconnected population of hippocampal neurons. A subthreshold synaptic current (signal) modeled by a filtered homogeneous Poisson process was applied to a distal position in each of the apical dendrites, while background synaptic signals (uncorrelated noise) were presented to the midpoint in the basal dendrite. The transmembrane potentials were recorded in each cell of an array of CA1 neuron models, in order to determine spike firing times and to estimate the total and noise entropies from the spike firing times. The results show that the mutual information is maximized for a specific amplitude of uncorrelated noise, implying the presence of AESR. The results also show that the maximum mutual information increases with increased numbers of neurons and the strength of connections. Moreover, the relative levels of excitation and inhibition modulate the mutual information transfer. It is concluded that uncorrelated noise can enhance information transmission of subthreshold synaptic input currents in a population of hippocampal CA1 neuron models. Therefore, endogenous neural noise could play an important role in neural tissue by modulating the transfer of information across the network. 相似文献
904.
Mady Cissé Fabrice Vaillant Sonia Bouquet Dominique Pallet Florence Lutin Max Reynes Manuel Dornier 《Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies》2011,12(3):352-360
Osmotic evaporation (or osmotic distillation) was carried out on roselle extract, apple and grape juices. The industrial pilot plant used had a hydrophobic, polypropylene, hollow-fiber membrane with an area of 10.2 m2 and an average pore diameter of 0.2 μm. It was suitable for concentrating vegetable extracts and fruit juices, and controlled various parameters such as temperature, flow velocity, and brine concentration. The final total soluble solids (TSS) contents achieved were 660, 570, and 610 g kg−1 for grape juice, apple juice, and roselle extract, respectively. Temperature and concentration of solutions significantly influenced evaporation flux, which, for roselle extract, was 1.5 kg h−1 m−2 at 610 g TSS kg−1 and 45 °C. The physico-chemical, biochemical, and aromatic qualities of concentrates obtained by osmotic evaporation were much higher than those of thermal concentrates, and close to those of the initial products.
Industrial relevance
Membrane processes are increasingly used to concentrate thermo-sensitive fruit juices and plant extracts. Their capacity to operate at moderate temperatures and pressures means that their energy consumption is low, while they produce good quality concentrates. Nonetheless, the main disadvantage of baromembrane processes is their inability to reach the concentration levels standard for products of thermal evaporation because of limitations resulting from high osmotic pressure. Actually, reverse osmosis membranes and equipment limit the final concentration of fruit juices to about 25–35°Brix. Osmotic evaporation has attracted considerable interest, as it can concentrate juices to as much as 65°Brix. This process, when applied to various juices, better preserves the quality of raw materials. However, because of the geometrical limitations of commercially available membranes and modules, juices must first be clarified. To our knowledge, only a few studies on osmotic evaporation have so far been conducted at a semi-industrial scale and never with roselle extracts. 相似文献905.
Reboul E Goncalves A Comera C Bott R Nowicki M Landrier JF Jourdheuil-Rahmani D Dufour C Collet X Borel P 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2011,55(5):691-702
Scope : It is assumed that vitamin D is absorbed by passive diffusion. However, since cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and cholesterol display similar structures, we hypothesized that common absorption pathways may exist. Methods and results : Cholecalciferol apical transport was first examined in human Caco‐2 and transfected Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Cholecalciferol uptake was then valuated ex vivo and in vivo, using either wild‐type mice, mice overexpressing Scavenger Receptor class B type I (SR‐BI) at the intestinal level or mice treated or not with ezetimibe. Cholecalciferol uptake was concentration‐, temperature‐ and direction‐dependent, and was significantly impaired by a co‐incubation with cholesterol or tocopherol in Caco‐2 cells. Moreover Block Lipid Transport‐1 (SR‐BI inhibitor) and ezetimibe glucuronide (Niemann‐Pick C1 Like 1 inhibitor) significantly decreased cholecalciferol transport. Transfection of HEK cells with SR‐BI, Cluster Determinant 36 and Niemann‐Pick C1 Like 1 significantly enhanced vitamin D uptake, which was significantly decreased by the addition of Block Lipid Transport‐1, sulfo‐N‐succinimidyl oleate (Cluster Determinant 36 inhibitor) or ezetimibe glucuronide, respectively. Similar results were obtained in mouse intestinal explants. In vivo, cholecalciferol uptake in proximal intestinal fragments was 60% higher in mice overexpressing SR‐BI than in wild‐type mice (p<0.05), while ezetimibe effect remained non‐significant. Conclusion: These data show for the first time that vitamin D intestinal absorption is not passive only but involves, at least partly, some cholesterol transporters. 相似文献
906.
907.
908.
Wang Y Canady TD Zhou Z Tang Y Price DN Bear DG Chi EY Schanze KS Whitten DG 《ACS applied materials & interfaces》2011,3(7):2209-2214
The antiviral activities of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE)-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPE) and oligo-phenylene ethynylenes (OPE) were investigated using two model viruses, the T4 and MS2 bacteriophages. Under UV/visible light irradiation, significant antiviral activity was observed for all of the CPEs and OPEs; without irradiation, most of these compounds exhibited high inactivation activity against the MS2 phage and moderate inactivation ability against the T4 phage. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) reveal that the CPEs and OPEs exert their antiviral activity by partial disassembly of the phage particle structure in the dark and photochemical damage of the phage capsid protein under UV/visible light irradiation. 相似文献
909.
Sahu BS Gloux F Slaoui A Carrada M Muller D Groenen J Bonafos C Lhostis S 《Nanoscale research letters》2011,6(1):177
Ge nanocrystals (Ge-NCs) embedded in SiN dielectrics with HfO2/SiO2 stack tunnel dielectrics were synthesized by utilizing low-energy (≤5 keV) ion implantation method followed by conventional
thermal annealing at 800°C, the key variable being Ge+ ion implantation energy. Two different energies (3 and 5 keV) have been chosen for the evolution of Ge-NCs, which have been
found to possess significant changes in structural and chemical properties of the Ge+-implanted dielectric films, and well reflected in the charge storage properties of the Al/SiN/Ge-NC + SiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) memory structures. No Ge-NC was detected with a lower implantation energy of 3 keV
at a dose of 1.5 × 1016 cm-2, whereas a well-defined 2D-array of nearly spherical and well-separated Ge-NCs within the SiN matrix was observed for the
higher-energy-implanted (5 keV) sample for the same implanted dose. The MIS memory structures implanted with 5 keV exhibits
better charge storage and retention characteristics compared to the low-energy-implanted sample, indicating that the charge
storage is predominantly in Ge-NCs in the memory capacitor. A significant memory window of 3.95 V has been observed under
the low operating voltage of ± 6 V with good retention properties, indicating the feasibility of these stack structures for
low operating voltage, non-volatile memory devices. 相似文献
910.
Consolidation of Al2O3/Al Nanocomposite Powder by Cold Spray 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dominique Poirier Jean-Gabriel Legoux Robin A. L. Drew Raynald Gauvin 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2011,20(1-2):275-284
While the improvement in mechanical properties of nanocomposites makes them attractive materials for structural applications, their processing still presents significant challenges. In this article, cold spray was used to consolidate milled Al and Al2O3/Al nanocomposite powders as well as the initial unmilled and unreinforced Al powder. The microstructure and nanohardness of the feedstock powders as well as those of the resulting coatings were compared. The results show that the large increase in hardness of the Al powder after mechanical milling is preserved after cold spraying. Good quality coating with low porosity is obtained from milled Al. However, the addition of Al2O3 to the Al powder during milling decreases the powder and coating nanohardness. This lower hardness is attributed to non-optimized milling parameters leading to cracked particles with insufficient Al2O3 embedding in Al. The coating produced from the milled Al2O3/Al mixture also showed lower particle cohesion and higher amount of porosity. 相似文献