ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONTROL OF FOOD FREEZER USING ROTATING DISK AIR DISTRIBUTOR FOR UNIFORM FREEZING

A rotating disk air distribution (RDAD) system consisting of a rotating disk with an air supply hole was fabricated to solve the nonuniform freezing problem of a freezer that supplies air through a duct at a fixed location. The RDAD system was installed in a freezer to supply freezing air in various directions by controlling the position of the air supply hole. An equation estimating air velocity in the freezer was developed based on heat balance between a brass block thermocouple (BBT) probe and ambient air stream. The equation was applied to the analysis of airflow patterns developed through the RDAD and the fixed duct system. For control of the RDAD system, a fuzzy matrix was constructed with the measured nodal temperature at 3D locations in the freezer and used to search for the optimum direction of air supply. Uniform cooling was accomplished with the RDAD system using fuzzy and expert algorithms leading to temperature deviation σ=0.666, compared with 0.289 of the fixed air supply system. Cooling rate of model food (BBT) was 1.75 times faster than that of the fixed system.     

Coplanar stripline resonators modeling and applications to filters

This paper presents coplanar stripline (CPS) resonators and their practical implementations to filters. Five types of CPS resonator are built using open and short-ended strips. Lumped-element equivalent circuits are presented for each resonator. Their performances are investigated and compared in terms of Q factor or bandwidth. Two types of bandpass filter are developed with the resonators. The bandpass filters have low-passband insertion losses and wide-stopband suppression bandwidths. Lumped-element equivalent circuits are presented for the bandpass filters. A wide-band CPS-to-microstrip transition is developed for the measurements. The back-to-back transition has an insertion loss of less than 3 dB and a return loss of better than 10 dB for the frequency range from 1.3 to 13.3 GHz (1:10.2)     

In situ polyurethane/silica composite formation via a sol‐gel process

Polyurethane acrylate anionomer (PUAA)/silica composite gels were prepared by the sol‐gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS) incorporated to PUAA gels by using a swelling method. The formation and structure of composites were confirmed by FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, and SEM. As a result, we found that silica components in composites are located within the ionic domains of their gels and interacted with PUAA via hydrogen bonding. This drastically enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Mechanical properties are also improved by MPTS, because MPTS improves the dispersibility and adhesion of silica components in PUAA/silica composite gels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2327–2334, 2002     

Vertex-based inter-frame boundary encoding scheme

The boundary is approximated by a polygon which can be encoded with the smallest number of bits for maximum distortion. The temporal redundancy between two successive frames is efficiently removed with the proposed scheme, resulting in a lower bit rate than the conventional algorithms     

Prioritizing telecommunications technologies for long-range R&D planning to the year 2006

This paper concerns telecommunications technologies prioritization for long-range R&D planning at the Korea Telecommunication Authority (KTA), which is the primary common carrier in Korea. Criteria weighting and technological importance ranking were determined by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a decision aid, along with hierarchical representation and pairwise comparisons. The opinions derived from three divisions of KTA were analyzed and aggregated. Such aggregated prioritization weighting of technologies allows the corporation management to use it for funding decisions about technological aspects of its long-range planning for R&D projects during the period from 1992 to 2006; especially those concerning baseline budget level selection and the scope of research activities.<>     

Situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion.

Gender differences were examined in the context of situational effects. Participants monitored interpersonal behavior for 20 days, using an event-sampling strategy. The monitored behaviors reflected dominance and submissiveness (components of agency) and agreeableness and quarrelsomeness (components of communion). The situations reflected differences in the status of work roles: interactions with boss, co-worker, and supervisee. Status influenced agency. Individuals were most agentic when with a supervisee and least agentic when with a boss. Gender did not influence agency but did influence communal behaviors. Women were more communal regardless of social role status; women were especially communal with other women, compared with men with men. Findings about agency supported a social role theory interpretation of gender differences. Results for communion were consistent with accounts of the influence of sex segregation on interpersonal relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Experimental and analytical study on the spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel fuels within a common-rail injection system in a diesel engine

This paper investigates the effect of injection parameters on the characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine with experimental and analytical models based on empirical equations. In order to study macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of DME fuel, this work focuses on the atomization characteristics of DME and compares experimental and predicted results for spray development obtained by empirical models for diesel and DME fuel. Detailed comparisons of spray tip penetration from three different empirical correlations and from visualization experiments of diesel and DME fuels were conducted under various fuel injection conditions. In comparison with the results of different empirical equations for measured spray tip penetration, the experimental results of this study provide good agreement with the calculation results based on empirical equations, except during the earliest stage of the injected spray sequence. The results of atomization characteristics indicate that DME showed better spray characteristics than conventional diesel fuel. Also, the fuel injection delay and maximum injection rate of DME fuel are shorter and lower than those of diesel fuel at the same injection conditions, respectively.