Pretherapy orientation as preparation for open psychotherapy groups.

Compared 20 14–47 yr old psychiatric outpatients who received an orientation program before entering open psychotherapy groups with 20 15–58 yr old psychiatric patients (control group) who received no orientation in an investigation of the effectiveness of pretherapy orientation. Orientation was presented on an individual basis and consisted of an instructional lecture-discussion followed by a videotape of a simulated group session, with patient participation solicited throughout the presentation. Dependent measures included dropout and attendance rates, a self-report symptom inventory, and a therapist rating scale. Results show that mean attendance rates for the 1st 10 group sessions were significantly higher for the orientation group. The control group exhibited significantly greater audience-seeking behavior on the 3rd-session therapist ratings. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Critical area analysis for design-based yield improvement of vlsi circuits

Yield improvements can be achieved by both contamination control (manufacturing) and defect sensitivity decrease (design). In this paper, the need for critical area analysis is demonstrated for design based yield prediction and improvement. Experimental results for a typical CMOS process are provided.     

Arithmetic of a one- and two-person psychology: Merton M. Gill, an essay.

Presents a memorial essay on Merton M. Gill and his psychoanalytic beliefs. The author claims that Gill valued traditional psychoanalysis but saw limitations in its practice. According to the author, Gill focused on the transference-countertransference experience, maintaining that the dyad was unique. He agreed with the idea of 2 subjectivities, believing that each of the participants were shaped and shaping each other's psyche in this setting. He referred to this as a 2-person psychology, and maintained that there was also a 1-person psychology. Gill is credited for influencing novel conceptions about transference by highlighting the patient's plausible views of the transference. The author concludes that there is a need to establish whether there are significant differences between a 1- and a 2-person perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theory of workhardening 1934-1984

The evolution of the theory of workhardening through the past fifty years has laid a secure basis, but much research still lies ahead. A guiding principle in the prevailing, so-called meshlength theory is that glide dislocations arrange into stress-screened, low-energy structures, the most common being the cell structure, and that the flow stress is the stress needed to generate new glide dislocations. Further, it makes extensive use of the “principle of similitude”. Remnant stresses due to dislocations with just one Burgers vector orientation are very often relieved by additional dislocations with other Burgers vectors which form not in response to the applied stress but to those remnant stresses. Such dislocations are commonly misnamed “forest” dislocations. The theory closely reproduces stages II and III of the typical workhardening curve. Stage I results in single glide from sources which initially are isolated from each other so that pile-ups form, which then may interact among neighboring pile-ups of opposite sign, so as to generate mats of dipoles parallel to the active glide plane. Stage II behavior is expected as long as similitude is obeyed so that the average free dislocation path shrinks inversely proportional with the root of the dislocation density. Stage III, finally, results when the free dislocation path is constant. At low temperatures, thermal activation can make the critical difference for the release of hair-trigger poised loops. This is the cause of creep effects whose magnitude is limited to less than the elastic strain. Computer calculations indicate the presence of longer-range (i.e., cell diameter scale) stresses whose sign changes with the cell’s sense of rotation. This suggests that rectangled dislocation cells with a common rotation axis, arranged into a three-dimensional checkerboard pattern in which the sense of rotation alternates from cell to cell, should minimize stored energy. Such cell patterns are increasingly reported in the literature. The fact that the average cell diameter tends to be inversely proportional to the applied stress is also readily explained through those stresses. In retrospect, Taylor’s theory of workhardening may be recognized as a variant of the meshlength theory of stage III, in that it is based on a stress-screened network obeying the principle of similitude while the free dislocation path, given by the spacing between the mosaic block walls, remains constant. This paper is based on a presentation made at the symposium “50th Anniversary of the Introduction of Dislocations” held at the fall meeting of the TMS-AIME in Detroit, Michigan in October 1984 under the TMS-AIME Mechanical Metallurgy and Physical Metallurgy Committees.     

Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups.

The dimensions by which adults of differing ages experience emotion were studied by self-administering questionnaires administered to older adults (n?=?828) recruited from Elderhostel programs, middle-aged (aged 30–59 yrs) children of Elderhostel attenders (n?=?231), and young adult (aged 18–29 yrs) Ss recruited from college classes or through Elderhostel participants (n?=?207). Elders were higher in emotional control, mood stability, and emotional maturity through moderation and leveling of positive affect and lower in surgency, psychophysiological responsiveness, and sensation seeking. These findings are consistent with the hypothesized increase in self-regulatory capacity with age. These cross-sectional differences cannot, however, be distinguished from cohort-related explanations; they require considerable replication across different types of Ss and further characterization of the dimensions in terms of their functions for self-regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Photoinitiated Electron Transfer in Carotenoporphyrin-Quinone Triads: Enhanced Quantum Yields via Control of Reaction Exergonicity

Carotenoporphyrin-quinone triad molecules have previously been found to successfully mimic many aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. These molecules generate long-lived, energetic charge-separated states via a biomimetic multistep electron transfer scheme. In many of these molecules, the overall quantum yield for charge separation has been limited by an unfavorable partitioning of an intermediate charge-separated state between charge recombination and further reaction to yield the desired species. One strategy for overcoming this limitation is based on the fact that, in general, electron transfer rate constants do not depend linearly on reaction free energy change. In the triads, raising the energy of the intermediate charge-separated state would be expected to speed up the desired electron transfer (“normal” Marcus behavior), but slow down charge recombination (which formally lies in the “inverted” region). Laser flash photolysis and transient fluorescence measurements on two new triad molecules reveal enhanced quantum yields of long-lived charge-separated states which are consistent with this expectation.