Methodische Untersuchungen zur phasentrennenden Fraktionierung von Polycaprolactam,

The carbonyl group concentration was determined with C-14 labelled 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in the following substances: pergamin, filterpaper, cellophane, polyethylene and polypropylen. For standardizing the method, the MALAPRADE-splitting of the C₂? C₃-bond in the glucosidic unit of celluloses was used. The reactivity towards NaJO₄ increased in the following way: cellophane < filterpaper < pergamin.     

Global folding of proteins using a limited number of distance constraints

A Monte Carlo method is presented which can obtain the correcttertiary fold of a protein given the secondary structure andas few as three interactions between each secondary structureunit. This method was used to fold hemerythrin, Qavodoxin, bovinepancreatic trypsin inhibitor and a variable light domain froman immunoglobulin using the known secondary structures of theseproteins. Each of the proteins was successfully folded to obtaina structure resembling the initial X-ray structure. Reasonablesuccess was also achieved when using a secondary structure predictionalgorithm to assign secondary structure. The r.m.s. deviationsbetween the folded proteins and the crystal structures are inthe order of 3–5 A for the backbone coordinates. Evaluationof the r.m.s. deviations between members of the globin familyindicates that two equivalent overall folds may have r.m.s.deviations of this or even larger magnitude. The limiting numberof constraints necesssary to achieve the correct fold is discussed.     

Static test case prioritization using topic models

Software development teams use test suites to test changes to their source code. In many situations, the test suites are so large that executing every test for every source code change is infeasible, due to time and resource constraints. Development teams need to prioritize their test suite so that as many distinct faults as possible are detected early in the execution of the test suite. We consider the problem of static black-box test case prioritization (TCP), where test suites are prioritized without the availability of the source code of the system under test (SUT). We propose a new static black-box TCP technique that represents test cases using a previously unused data source in the test suite: the linguistic data of the test cases, i.e., their identifier names, comments, and string literals. Our technique applies a text analysis algorithm called topic modeling to the linguistic data to approximate the functionality of each test case, allowing our technique to give high priority to test cases that test different functionalities of the SUT. We compare our proposed technique with existing static black-box TCP techniques in a case study of multiple real-world open source systems: several versions of Apache Ant and Apache Derby. We find that our static black-box TCP technique outperforms existing static black-box TCP techniques, and has comparable or better performance than two existing execution-based TCP techniques. Static black-box TCP methods are widely applicable because the only input they require is the source code of the test cases themselves. This contrasts with other TCP techniques which require access to the SUT runtime behavior, to the SUT specification models, or to the SUT source code.     

Water/moisture and fat analysis by time-domain NMR

Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) is widely used within food industries for QC/QA applications. Precise determination of moisture and water is of fundamental interest. To determine moisture and water in the presence of lipids, the minispec makes use of differences in their respective NMR relaxation properties. The minispec applications analysing bound water are well-known and have become International standard methods. Different methods to analyse food samples with high water content or free water, like some dairy products, are addressed in this paper. Explicitly, the well-known pre-drying methods are compared to NMR diffusion experiments and a combined relaxation time analysis. Finally the single-sided NMR approach is discussed to analyse packages food.