Functional Properties and Food Applications of Rapeseed Protein Concentrate

Rapeseed protein concentrate (RC), prepared with 2% hexameta-phosphate, was tested for its functionality and performance in some foods. The RC had good nitrogen solubility, fat absorption, emulsification, and whipping capacities but poor water absorption and gelling properties. It increased the emulsion stability, and protein but lowered the fat content of wieners. It also increased the cooking yield, reduced the shrinkage and tenderized meat patties. Results were similar to soybean isolate except for the poorer color and flavor. The cooking yield of RC supplemented wieners was less than the all-meat control and soybean-supplemented wieners. A 9% RC dispersion mixed with an equal volume of eggwhite produced a meringue of comparable stability and texture to that of eggwhite alone.     

Switched-capacitor integrators with low finite-gain sensitivity

Compensated SC integrator stages are analysed and compared with respect to their sensitivities to finite amplifier gain effects. Simple single-stage amplifiers may be used in such circuits even in highly selective filtering applications. This may allow an extension of the present frequency range of SC circuits.     

Interdisciplinary research: roles for self-organization

No generally accepted principles and guidelines currently exist to help engineers design local interaction mechanisms that result in a desired global behavior. However, several communities have developed ways of approaching this problem in the context of niched application areas. Because the ideas underlying these approaches are often obscured or underemphasized in technical papers, the authors review the role of self-organization in their work. They provide a better picture of the status of the emerging field of self-organizing systems or autonomic computing.     

Representation as a fluent: an AI challenge for the next half century

The authors argued that AI systems must be able to manipulate their own internal representations automatically to deal with an infinitely complex and ever-changing world and to scale up to rich, complex applications. Such manipulation must go beyond changing beliefs and learning new concepts in terms of old concepts; it must be able to change ontology's underlying syntax and semantics. Initial progress has been made, but further progress is urgently needed owing to the demands of autonomous multiagent systems. Understanding and implementing this ability must be a major focus of AI for the next 50 years.     

Finite-difference time-domain simulation of scattering from objectsin continuous random media

A three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme is introduced to model the scattering from objects in continuous random media. FDTD techniques have been previously applied to scattering from random rough surfaces and randomly placed objects in a homogeneous background, but little has been done to simulate continuous random media with embedded objects where volumetric scattering effects are important. In this work, Monte Carlo analysis is used in conjunction with FDTD to study the scattering from perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) objects embedded in continuous random media. The random medium models under consideration are chosen to be inhomogeneous soils with a spatially fluctuating random permittivities and prescribed correlation functions. The ability of frequency averaging techniques to discriminate objects in this scenarion is also briefly investigated. The simulation scheme described in this work can be adapted and used to help in interpreting the scattered field data from targets in random environments such as geophysical media, biological media, or atmospheric turbulence     

Dynamical considerations of network properties

Elasticity is discussed as an aspect of viscoelasticity, which is described by the tube model. The effects of both crosslinks and entanglements contribute to this model and a discussion of how these effects can be quantified is given. At high enough concentration, entanglements ensure the existence of elastic effects even without crosslinks, and a theory is presented on how this dynamical phase change comes about.     

Constant stretching rate experiments on low density polyethylene

A simple apparatus for elongational test of molten polymers is presented. Its realiability is demonstrated by means of stress growth in constant stretching rate experiments and relaxation test on a low density polyethylene sample.     

Seasat over-land scatterometer data. I. Global overview of theKu-band backscatterer coefficients

Statistics on the backscatter coefficient σ⁰ from the Ku-band Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) collected over the world's land surfaces are presented. This spaceborne scatterometer provided data on σ⁰ between latitude 80° S and 80° N at incidence angles up to 70°. The global statistics of vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarization backscatter coefficients for 10° bands in latitude are presented for incidence angles between 20° and 70° and compared with the Skylab and ground spectrometer results. Global images of the time-averaged V polarization σ⁰ at a 45° incidence angle and its dependence on the incidence angle are presented and compared to a generalized map of the terrain type. Global images of the differences between the V an H polarization backscatter coefficients are presented and discussed. The most inhomogeneous region, which contains the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, is studied in greater detail and compared with the terrain type     

高性能纺织品整理方法及其应用

1　加工方法1 1　涂层纺织品的涂层可在多种设备上完成 ,其中最常用的是使用刮刀、辊筒、凹辊、粘辊和背辊。用于生产给定的最终产品时 ,每一种设备都有其优缺点 ,所以在选择时 ,我们应该对以下几点进行认真考虑 :纺织品的性质 ;涂层剂的流变性及其他性质 ;涂层剂是泡沫型的还是浆料型的 ;涂层剂在常温下还是在热熔条件下使用。另外 ,非常值得我们考虑的还有涂层剂的用量 ,以及涂层剂是用在织物的表面 ,还是尽量充满到织物结构内。所有这些都要由最终产品的性质及所要求具有的特种功能来确定。当前 ,除了涂层剂及织物的普通性能外 ,人们还…