Multiple small-angle scattering of light

A way of desribing multiple small angle scattering of light is by a modification of the Fokker-planck equation. While for non-relativistic particles fundamental solutions of the analogous equation are well known, their extension to light scattering appears difficult, except in the case with no space dependence.     

The results of the brain computer tomography and clinical picture in acute cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning

The aim of this study was to evaluate a morphological and functional status of the CNS in acute cholinesterase inhibitors (ChI) poisonings using the brain computer tomography (CT) and complex psychiatric examination. Under examination there were 59 cholinesterase inhibitors orally poisoned patients, treated at the Department of Clinical Toxicology in years 1984-1997, aged from 14 to 68 (mean 34.7 +/- 12.8) years. The examined group comprised 9 women (15.3%) and 50 men (84.7%). Between the 3rd and 7th day of hospitalisation a complex psychiatric examination was performed. The CNS damage was diagnosed when the point score from complex psychiatric examination was minimum 5 points. CT was performed between the 3rd and 10th day after the intoxication. Incorrect CT scans were found in 78% of poisoned patients. The most common lesion was generalised cortex atrophy and subcortex atrophy of the brain (73.9%), followed by isolated cortex (17.4%) and subcortex atrophy with simultaneous areas of low density in the subcortical nuclei (8.7%). The frequency of incorrect CT scans was statistically higher (p < 0.01) in the group of organophosphorous compounds poisoned patients compared to those poisoned with carbamates. The complex psychiatric examination revealed in 24 patients (40.7%) the differently intensified alterations, but the point score was not higher than 4. Unquestionable damage of the CNS was recognised in 34 patients (57.6%) of the ChI poisoned patients. The frequency of CNS changes detected in complex psychiatric examination was statistically higher (p < 0.01) in the group of the severely poisoned patients. The significantly higher frequency of pathological changes revealed by the brain CT was found in the group of patients with higher than 5 point score obtained from the complex psychiatric evaluation compared to those with score lower than 5 (p < 0.001).     

Local recurrence of breast cancer after cytological evaluation of lumpectomy margins

Successful breast conservation therapy with optimal cosmesis requires adequate tumor excision and negative tumor margins. Therefore, more sensitive techniques are being developed to identify lumpectomy margins intraoperatively with greater accuracy. Unidentified microscopic disease is seemingly responsible for a local recurrence rate of up to 25 per cent 3 to 5 years after lumpectomy and radiotherapy for breast cancer patients. As a result, Moffitt Cancer Center has routinely used an intraoperative touch preparation cytology (TPC) protocol to evaluate the entire resected surface of all lumpectomies. In addition, resection margins were also evaluated by gross examination and by standard histology. In rare instances frozen sections were used to evaluate tumor margins. In this study 701 consecutive lumpectomy specimens were evaluated by TPC during the period of 9 years with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Local cancer recurrence was 2.7 per cent (mean recurrence, 2.53 years), in women whose lumpectomy margins were evaluated by TPC. Of interest, a local recurrence rate of 14.6 per cent was observed in patients who had referral lumpectomies evaluated by conventional histopathology. This study suggests that accurate margin assessment with TPC plays an important role in the control of local recurrence after breast conservation therapy. Therefore, we conclude the routine use of intraoperative TPC provides rapid, reliable, topographically accurate identification of residual microscopic disease at lumpectomy margins.     

Analysis and improvement of performance of MC-CDMA system withnonlinear amplifier

A multicode CDMA system with nonlinear amplifier is analysed for uncoded BER and a simulation carried out to evaluate the coded BER performance. The adaptive predistorter is shown to significantly reduce the nonlinear effect of the amplifier     

A novel role of ImmE7 in the autoregulatory expression of the ColE7 operon and identification of possible RNase active sites in the crystal structure of dimeric ImmE7

Site-specific cleavage of mRNA has been identified in vivo for the polycistronic colicin E7 operon (ColE7), which occurs between G and A nucleotides located at the Asp52 codon (GAT) of the immunity gene (ceiE7). In vitro, this specific cleavage occurs only in the presence of the ceiE7 gene product (ImmE7). The crystal structure of dimeric ImmE7 has been determined at 1.8 A resolution by X-ray crystallographic analysis. We found that several residues located at the interface of dimeric ImmE7 bear surprising resemblance to the active sites of some RNases. These results suggest that dimeric ImmE7 may possess a novel RNase activity that cleaves its own mRNA at a specific site and thus autoregulates translational expression of the downstream celE7 gene as well as degradation of the upstream ceaE7 mRNA.     

Degradation Rates of Captopril in Aqueous Medium Through Buffer-Catalysis Oxidation

Initial degradation rates of captopril (0.1 mg/mL) in acetate, citric, and phosphate buffer solutions with different buffer concentrations at 80° (µ=0.5) were studied at pH 6.0. All degradation reactions of captopril solutions fitted an apparent first-order plot. The degradation rates of captopril rose with increasing buffer concentrations. A mechanism involving the buffer-catalysis oxidation reaction of captopril was proposed in this study. The low apparent first-order degradation rates of captopril in citric buffer solutions might have been due to the chelating effect of the citric buffer, which reduced the metal-catalysis oxidation reaction of captopril. Therefore, using low concentrations of citric buffer to improve solution stability seems to be an appropriate approach in a liquid formulation development of captopril. To select citric buffer at a low concentration for the dissolution medium might be the right choice for a sustained-release formulation dissolution study of captopril.     

Enhanced detectability of small objects in correlated clutter usingan improved 2-D adaptive lattice algorithm

Two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive filtering is a technique that can be applied to many image processing applications. This paper will focus on the development of an improved 2-D adaptive lattice algorithm (2-D AL) and its application to the removal of correlated clutter to enhance the detectability of small objects in images. The two improvements proposed here are increased flexibility in the calculation of the reflection coefficients and a 2-D method to update the correlations used in the 2-D AL algorithm. The 2-D AL algorithm is shown to predict correlated clutter in image data and the resulting filter is compared with an ideal Wiener-Hopf filter. The results of the clutter removal will be compared to previously published ones for a 2-D least mean square (LMS) algorithm. 2-D AL is better able to predict spatially varying clutter than the 2-D LMS algorithm, since it converges faster to new image properties. Examples of these improvements are shown for a spatially varying 2-D sinusoid in white noise and simulated clouds. The 2-D LMS and 2-D AL algorithms are also shown to enhance a mammogram image for the detection of small microcalcifications and stellate lesions.     

Prevalence of diagnosing extrinsic allergic alveolitis in Poland in the years 1990-1994

Poland is the country, where almost 40% of population inhabit rural areas. So EAA may be an important health problem. The aim of the study was to assess incidence of EAA in different districts in Poland. We asked hospitals to send us lists of patients with diagnosis of EAA established in the period of 1990-1994. In some hospitals we collected information by ourselves. This way, we have got data concerning patients with EAA. The highest prevalence of EAA 1.5-7.0/100,000 population was observed in eastern and south-western regions of Poland. Eastern Poland is rural area with small not specialised farms and possible high exposure to EAA antigens. In south-western Poland (Silesia) keeping pigeons is a very popular hobby, which may explain high incidence of EAA.     

Stress dependence of bistability in a zero-magnetostrictive amorphous wire

New data on the bistability of (Co₉₅Fe₅)_72.5Si_12.5B₁₅ amorphous wire are discussed in the framework of a simple model of magnetic interaction between inner core and outer shell of a wire. Experimental results are reported on the tensile stress and annealing-time dependence of switching field and remanence magnetization, for longitudinal and circular hysteresis loops. Theoretical considerations allow various scenarios of the bistability effect to be distinguished, which are helpful in our understanding of the experimental data.     

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〗塔里木盆地和田古隆起区下古生界发育灰岩、白云岩两类储层。灰岩储层类型有灰岩溶蚀孔隙（孔洞）型储层、灰岩岩溶缝孔洞型储层和构造裂隙型储层。灰岩溶蚀孔隙（孔洞）型储层发育与加里东期、海西期不整合面没有密切的关系; 储渗空间发育受组构控制; 属低孔低渗、储集性较差的储层。灰岩岩溶缝孔洞型储层发育分布与加里东期、海西期不整合侵蚀面有着密切的关系; 发育分布非均质性强。灰岩构造裂隙型储层可发育高角度斜交或垂直层面的部分充填和未充填构造裂隙。白云岩内发育晶间孔及晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞、大型洞穴、风化裂隙、构造裂隙等5种储渗空间，它们构成白云岩岩溶缝孔洞型、白云岩溶蚀孔洞型两类储层。白云岩岩溶缝孔洞型储层发育与加里东期、海西期不整合面有着密切的关系; 其涉及厚度较小。白云岩溶蚀孔洞型储层的发育具有普遍性; 与加里东期、海西期不整合面关系不密切; 非均质性明显。白云岩溶蚀孔洞型储层在寒武系及下奥陶统广泛发育, 孔隙度较高, 渗透率较低，是该区最值得勘探的储层类型。