On Rationally DSP Implementation of the MP-MLQ/ACELP Dual Rate Speech Encoder for Multimedia Communications

The excellent performance in communications quality speech coding below 8 kbps achievable with the code-excited linear prediction (CELP) coders gives to this architecture a predominant role in medium-rate and low-rate speech coding, as evidenced by the adoption of several recent fixed-rate and variable-rate standards. Unfortunately, some of these CELP-based schemes are not completely described in the literature, and consequently they are difficult to understand and implement efficiently. This paper presents an original study of the G723.1 codec. The G723.1 encoder is dedicated to compress the voice signals with bandwidth up to 4 kHz efficiently and to deliver an encoded data stream with a very low binary rate and a good quality of transmitted speech (typical applications being encoding of the vocal signal for video conferences via GSTN and Voice over IP). We perform a detailed and gradually analysis, describing the MP-MLQ/ACELP speech coder from the point of view of a classical CELP structure. This approach allows us to identify (using theoretical considerations) the starting internal structure of each processing block from the encoder scheme. These results are used in breaking the main encoding algorithm loop. Finally, using the previously revealed starting internal structure, we derive the algorithm for the pitch predictor block, which is one of the most difficult parts of the ITU-T G723.1 encoder. The accompanying comments, explanations and diagrams allow efficient implementation and debugging of the corresponding software by regular DSP programmers.     

Dynamics of optical solitons,multipliers and conservation laws to the nonlinear schrödinger equation in (2+1)-dimensions with non-Kerr law nonlinearity

This work studies the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation which arises in optical fibre. Grey and black optical solitons of the model are reported using a suitable complex envelope ansatz solution. The integration lead to some certain conditions which must be satisfied for the solitons to exist. On applying the Chupin Liu's theorem to the grey and black optical solitons, we construct new sets of combined optical soliton solutions of the model. Moreover, classification of conservation laws (Cls) of the model is implemented using the multipliers approach. This is achieved by constructing a set of first-order multipliers of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations acquired by transforming the model into real and imaginary components are derived, which are subsequently used to construct the Cls.     

The tribological behaviour of mineral oils additivated with polyethylene

The paper investigates the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of concentrated contacts in a rolling bearing operating at moderate speeds. Two base oils with different characteristics, additivated with low-density polyethylene were used as lubricants. Rheological and tribological tests were performed to study the influence of temperature, polymer concentration, and bearing speed. The influence of the addition of a polymer component on the film-forming properties and on wear under high pressure was examined in a four-ball test rig. Experimental data show that the polymer concentration added to the base oil plays an important role in obtaining greater film thicknesses and in preventing wear in elastohydrodynamic contacts.     

Aggregate features and A<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">DA</Emphasis>B<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">OOST</Emphasis> for music classification

We present an algorithm that predicts musical genre and artist from an audio waveform. Our method uses the ensemble learner ADABOOST to select from a set of audio features that have been extracted from segmented audio and then aggregated. Our classifier proved to be the most effective method for genre classification at the recent MIREX 2005 international contests in music information extraction, and the second-best method for recognizing artists. This paper describes our method in detail, from feature extraction to song classification, and presents an evaluation of our method on three genre databases and two artist-recognition databases. Furthermore, we present evidence collected from a variety of popular features and classifiers that the technique of classifying features aggregated over segments of audio is better than classifying either entire songs or individual short-timescale features. Editor: Gerhard Widmer