Aquaporin 1 Facilitated Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC7221 Cell Migration Associated with Water Permeability

The authors investigated the regulation of human aquaporin 1(hAQP1)and the involvement of aquaporin1(AQP1)in the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7221 cells using RNA intereference technology.Firstly,two short hairpin RNA(shRNA)constructs in PBSU6 vector were reconstructed and their knockdown effects were identified in SMMC-7221 cells.Next,the involvement of endogenous hAQP1 in regulating the migration of SMMC-7221 cells was investigated via siRNA technology.HAQP1-shRNA can specifically inhibit AQP1 dependent osmotic water permeability.Meanwhile the migration of SMMC-7221 cells was inhibited remarkably after silencing AQP1 by performing transwell cell migration assay and in vitro wound healing assay.Furthermore,in the presence of an inhibitor HgCl2,the water permeability of the cell membrane was remarkably decreased,the expression of AQP1was upregulated after HgCl2 treatment and the cell movement was decreased at the moment.Increased AQP1 cannot attenuate cell migration ability when cell membrane loses its water permeability function.This demonstrates that the cell migration was remarkably related to the transporting water function of cell membrane.     

Invertibility of a special class of mean filter operators

This paper presents a proof of the fact that if the (circulant) von Neumann mean filter operator is defined on a square coordinate set with iem rows and iem columns, then it fails to be invertible only if either the integer 5 divides iem or the integer 6 divides iem. This result answers a question posed by P. Gader, who proved that the usual 3×3 mean filter operator is invertible if and only if 3 does not divide iem.     

Effect of Au ions on structural,optical, magnetic,dielectric, and antibacterial properties of TiO2 dip-coated thin films

Physical properties of the TiO₂ and Au-doped TiO₂ films fabricated by sol–gel dip-coating route are investigated. The diffraction peaks of XRD spectra confirmed the formation of anatase phase. Crystallite size was found to be decreased by increasing dopant concentration from 12.02 to 10.10 nm. All the thin films annealed in air exhibit significant room-temperature ferromagnetism displaying anatase phase that can be employed in spintronic devices. The saturation magnetization increases from 6.8 to 10.35 emu/cm³ with the increase in Au concentration. The coercivity values vary between 360.82 and 478.515 Oe and remnant magnetization ranges between 0.46 and 0.71 emu/cm³. Dielectric parameters obeyed Maxwell-Wagner model and Koop’s theory and were explained by hopping mechanism. Small values of dielectric constant made them favorable for high-frequency devices. The band gaps of the undoped and Au-doped TiO₂ thin films is in the range 3.5 to 3.38 eV, which are lesser than those of reported pure TiO₂ (3.7 eV) that is favorable for enhancing solar cells efficiency. Au-doped TiO₂ leads to an optimum antimicrobial agent. The photocatalysts having 5 wt% Au exhibit the highest photoactivities. The degradation of methylene blue under sunlight made them promising materials for water treatment.