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41.
Ousama Rachid F. Estelle R. Simons Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji Stephen Lewis Keith J. Simons 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2016,42(1):131-135
Context: Prompt injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) from epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs) is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis in out-of-hospital settings. Storage of EAIs at room temperature (25?°C) is advised; however, storage at excessively high temperatures sometimes occurs. To our knowledge, there are no previous publications on the doses of epinephrine ejected from EAIs after storage at such temperatures.Objective: We examined the epinephrine doses delivered from activated EAIs stored constantly or cyclically at 70?°C.Methods: Twenty-five in-date EAIs were stored constantly or cyclically at 70?°C (excessive heat) or 25?°C (controls) for 5?d or 10?d. EAIs were activated and the epinephrine doses in the ejected solutions were measured using HPLC-UV. The enantiomeric purity of epinephrine was also measured by HPLC-UV.Results: Control EAIs ejected a volume of 0.300?±?0.006?mL containing 103.7?±?3.3% of labeled dose (LD). After 5?d or 10?d of constant storage at 70?°C and activation at 70?°C, EAIs ejected a volume of 0.367?±?0.008?mL containing 96.8?±?3.8% LD and 0.373?±?0.007?mL containing 77.7?±?3.3% LD, respectively. After 5?d of cyclic storage at 70?°C and cooling to 25?°C before activation, EAIs ejected a volume of 0.311?±?0.008?mL containing 87.2?±?1.9% LD. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the resultant chromatographic peaks of epinephrine solutions from all EAIs represented only the pure l-enantiomer of epinephrine.Conclusion: EAIs should be stored under recommended conditions of the manufacturer. EAIs stored at excessively high temperatures cannot be used to treat humans while still hot, and when cooled, cannot be relied on to deliver the labeled epinephrine dose in anaphylaxis. 相似文献
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Computer systems that can successfully masquerade as humans for long periods of time are likely in the foreseeable future. IT professionals will be central to the design, development, and deployment of those machines. Setting aside scientific and entertainment applications, is it a good idea to have machines that masquerade as humans? Some writers interested in computer ethics think not. 相似文献
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Cory White Daniel Hiranandani Christopher S. Olstad Keith Buhagiar Timmy Gambin Christopher M. Clark 《野外机器人技术杂志》2010,27(4):399-411
This paper documents the development of an underwater robot system enabled with several mapping and localization techniques applied to a particular archaeological expedition. The goal of the expedition was to explore and map ancient cisterns located on the islands of Malta and Gozo. The cisterns of interest acted as water storage systems for fortresses, private homes, and churches. Such cisterns often consisted of several connected chambers, still containing water. A sonar‐equipped remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was deployed into these cisterns to obtain both video footage and sonar range measurements. Six different mapping and localization techniques were employed, including (1) sonar image mosaics using stationary sonar scans, (2) sonar image mosaics using stationary sonar scans with Smart Tether position data, (3) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) while the vehicle was in motion, (4) SLAM using stationary sonar scans, (5) localization using previously created maps, and (6) SLAM while the vehicle was in motion with Smart Tether position data. Top‐down‐view maps of 22 different cisterns were successfully constructed. It is estimated that the cisterns were built as far back as 300 B.C., and few records of their size, shape, and connectivity existed before the expedition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Ali Fouad Keith Phalp John Mathenge Kanyaru Sheridan Jeary 《Software Quality Journal》2011,19(2):411-430
Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) brings benefits to software development, among them the potential for connecting software
models with the business domain. This paper focuses on the upstream or Computation-Independent Model (CIM) phase of MDA. Our contention is that, whilst there are many models and notations available
within the CIM phase, those that are currently popular and supported by the Object Management Group (OMG) may not be the most
useful notations for business analysts nor sufficient to fully support software requirements and specification. Therefore,
with specific emphasis on the value of the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) for business analysts, this paper provides
an example of a typical CIM approach before describing an approach that incorporates specific requirements techniques. A framework
extension to MDA is then introduced, which embeds requirements and specification within the CIM, thus further enhancing the
utility of MDA by providing a more complete method for business analysis. 相似文献
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Joris Vaillant Abderrahmane Kheddar Hervé Audren François Keith Stanislas Brossette Adrien Escande Karim Bouyarmane Kenji Kaneko Mitsuharu Morisawa Pierre Gergondet Eiichi Yoshida Suuji Kajita Fumio Kanehiro 《Autonomous Robots》2016,40(3):561-580
We describe the research and the integration methods we developed to make the HRP-2 humanoid robot climb vertical industrial-norm ladders. We use our multi-contact planner and multi-objective closed-loop control formulated as a QP (quadratic program). First, a set of contacts to climb the ladder is planned off-line (automatically or by the user). These contacts are provided as an input for a finite state machine. The latter builds supplementary tasks that account for geometric uncertainties and specific grasps procedures to be added to the QP controller. The latter provides instant desired states in terms of joint accelerations and contact forces to be tracked by the embedded low-level motor controllers. Our trials revealed that hardware changes are necessary, and parts of software must be made more robust. Yet, we confirmed that HRP-2 has the kinematic and power capabilities to climb real industrial ladders, such as those found in nuclear power plants and large scale manufacturing factories (e.g. aircraft, shipyard) and construction sites. 相似文献
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