An experimental application on denim garment to give thermal regulation property

In this context, the influence of ‘phase change material (PCM) finishing on denim jeans’ on thermal regulation and other selected properties was investigated. Denim garments were treated with microcapsulated PCM in various concentrations given in bath and by dipping, followed by the curing process. Differential scanning calorimeter tests were applied to denim fabrics. Morphology of microcapsules was characterized by scanning electron microscopy analyses and color analyses of the garments were done and evaluated.     

Investigation of physicochemical properties of breads baked in microwave and infrared-microwave combination ovens during storage

Staling of breads baked in different ovens (microwave, infrared-microwave combination and conventional) was investigated with the help of mechanical (compression measurements), physicochemical (DSC, X-ray, FTIR) and rheological (RVA) methods. The effect of xanthan-guar gum blend addition on bread staling was also studied. Xanthan-guar gum blend at 0.5% concentration was used in bread formulation. The gums were mixed at equal concentrations to obtain the blend. After baking, the staling parameters of breads were monitored over 5 days storage. During storage, it was seen that hardness, retrogradation enthalpies, setback viscosity, crystallinity values, and FTIR outputs related to starch retrogradation of bread samples increased, whereas FTIR outputs related to moisture content of samples decreased significantly with time. The hardness, retrogradation enthalpy, setback viscosity, and crystallinity values of microwave-baked samples were found to be highest among other heating modes. Using IR-microwave combination heating made it possible to produce breads with similar staling degrees as conventionally baked ones in terms of retrogradation enthalpy and FTIR outputs related to starch retrogradation. Addition of xanthan-guar gum blend decreased hardness, retrogradation enthalpy and total mass crystallinity values of bread samples showing that staling was delayed.     

Determination of Phthalate Residues in Different Types of Yogurt by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Estimation of Yogurt-Related Intake of Phthalates

Phthalates are potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals, found widely in the environment, and commonly used to make plastics softer and more flexible. Little information is available about the presence of phthalates in yogurt products sold on the world market. This study aimed to develop a sensitive GC-MS method for the determination of selected phthalates in yogurt and residue levels in fruit yogurts together with the packaging materials and to estimate a yogurt-related exposure to phthalates in the Turkish population. Acetonitrile extraction followed by cleanup procedures using different adsorbents yielded relatively clean extracts. The presence as the percent of selected phthalates tested—dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)—were determined as 76, 70, 70, 54, 20, and 8% of the samples, respectively, for the phthalates, ranging from <LOQ to 1640 μg/kg. The highest concentrations were found in cherry yogurt among the fruit yogurts, while banana and pineapple yogurts contained the least. The results indicate that the estimated daily intakes for phthalates were below tolerable daily intakes.     

Hydrogen production by autothermal reforming of LPG for PEM fuel cell applications

Indirect partial oxidation, or oxidative steam reforming, tests of a bimetallic Pt–Ni catalyst supported on δ$\delta$-alumina were conducted in propane–n  -butane mixtures (LPG) used as feed. _H2${\mathrm{H}}_2$ production activity and _H2/CO${\mathrm{H}}_2/\mathrm{CO}$ selectivity were investigated in response to different S/C, C/_O2$\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{O}}_2$ and W/F ratios. It was confirmed that higher steam content in the reactant stream increases both the activity and the _H2/CO${\mathrm{H}}_2/\mathrm{CO}$ selectivity of the process. Low residence times created a positive impact on catalyst activity not only for hydrogen but also for carbon monoxide production due to the increased amount of fresh hydrocarbon in the feed stream. Hence, the highest selectivity level was obtained at intermediate residence times. The response of the system to C/_O2$\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{O}}_2$ ratio was found to depend on the available steam content due to the complex nature of IPOX. The Pt–Ni catalyst was very prone to catalyst deactivation at low S/C ratios accompanied by high C/_O2$\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{O}}_2$ ratios, but this problem was not encountered at high S/C ratios. A comparison of catalyst performance for different propane-to-n-butane ratios in the LPG feed indicated that the Pt–Ni catalyst has slightly better activity and selectivity at higher n-butane contents at the expense of becoming more sensitive to coke deposition.     

Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Ketones via Benzaldehyde Lyase‐Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation Reaction

(R)‐Benzoins and (R)‐2‐hydroxypropiophenone derivatives are formed on a preparative scale by benzaldehyde lyase (BAL)‐catalyzed C−C bond formation from aromatic aldehydes and acetaldehyde in aqueous buffer/DMSO solution with remarkable ease in high chemical yield and high optical purity. The substrate range of this thiamin diphosphate‐dependent enzyme was examined with respect to a broad applicability of this benzoin condensation‐type reaction in stereoselective synthesis.