Inclusion Isotonicity of Convex–Concave Extensions for Polynomials Based on Bernstein Expansion

In this paper the expansion of a polynomial into Bernstein polynomials over an interval I is considered. The convex hull of the control points associated with the coefficients of this expansion encloses the graph of the polynomial over I. By a simple proof it is shown that this convex hull is inclusion isotonic, i.e. if one shrinks I then the convex hull of the control points on the smaller interval is contained in the convex hull of the control points on I. From this property it follows that the so-called Bernstein form is inclusion isotone, which was shown by a longish proof in 1995 in this journal by Hong and Stahl. Inclusion isotonicity also holds for multivariate polynomials on boxes. Examples are presented which document that two simpler enclosures based on only a few control points are in general not inclusion isotonic. Received September 12, 2002; revised February 5, 2003 Published online: April 7, 2003     

Framework for considerations regarding the environmental influence of and demand for legal regulation of subsurface facilities

This paper provides the background on the development of a need for legal regulations for underground facilities, and makes recommendations for planning of surface use. The authors present a network of administrative assessments regarding legislation, authorities, participation and decisions in the process of obtaining permission to construct subsurface projects. The article also covers risk factors, the risk of accidents and the need for protection in underground installation.     

Molecular fractionation in melt-crystallized polyethylene: 1. Differential scanning calorimetry

This is the first paper in a series in which molecular fractionation (segregation) in melt-crystallized polyethylene (PE) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). A number of PE's (both high- and medium-density materials) have been given a variety of thermal treatments, including isothermal crystallization from the melt and annealing. The melting of the samples as registered by d.s.c. has been extensively analysed and information regarding the crystallization, particularly in relation to molecular fractionation, is presented.     

The reaction engineering of electrochemical cells—I. Axial packed bed electrodes

It is shown that the graphical method of solving the coupled equations for an endothermic reaction in a plug-flow, non-isothermal reactor can be extended to electrochemical reactions in three-dimensional electrodes. The method of solution is described and as a first example, it has been applied to a simple reversible reaction in an axial packed bed electrode. The sensitivity to various parameters has been examined. The method is ideally suited to computer-aided design procedures.     

Anti-endomysium and anti-gliadin antibodies as serological markers for coeliac disease in childhood: a clinical study to develop a practical routine

House calls still seem to be an important element in the work of general practitioners in the Netherlands. A secondary analysis of the data of the Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care (NIVEL) National Study of Illnesses and Procedures reveals that 15% of the contacts relating to cases of respiratory tract infections are house calls. General practitioners appear to consider carefully whether or not to make house calls. House call figures differ considerably with respect to diagnosis, reasons for encounter and age. Relatively high percentages of house calls occur in cases of lower respiratory tract infections, fever as reason for encounter, for old people and young children. The number of house calls is hardly associated with region, level of urbanization and distance from a hospital. Further research is necessary to establish guidelines for the decision whether or not to make a house call.     

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of an Aeromonas trota strain cross-reactive with Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal

The O-specific polysaccharide of an Aeromonas trota strain was isolated by hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide at pH 4.5 followed by gel-permeation chromatography and found to consist of hexasaccharide repeating units containing D-galactose, L-rhamnose, 3,6-dideoxy-L-xylo-hexose (colitose, Col), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose in the ratios 1:1:2:1:1. Partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with 48% hydrofluoric acid resulted in selective removal of colitose to give a modified polysaccharide containing the other four sugar constituents. On the basis of methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopic studies of the initial and modified, colitose-free polysaccharide, it was concluded that the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide has the following structure [sequence: see text] The known cross-reactivity between the strain studied and Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal is substantiated by the presence of a common colitose-containing epitope shared by the O-specific polysaccharide of A. trota and the capsular polysaccharide of V. cholerae, which is thought to carry determinants of O-specificity.     

Dispersion in electrochemical cells with radial flow between parallel electrodes. I. A dispersive plug flow mathematical model

The conventional relations for dispersion in tubes and ducts are inappropriate for radial flows such as are found in the disc-stack and pump cells. A first-order mathematical model is therefore developed for radial flow between infinite parallel planes. The shapes of the predicted responses to pulses of injected material are shown to be in qualitative agreement with experimental curves, however the form of the mathematical expression is inappropriate for routine data analysis. Nevertheless simple relationships are derived which enable the dispersion coefficient and mean residence time of an electrogenerated species to be determined from the first and second moments of the response and a knowledge of the geometry of the system. In Part II experimental data are analysed in detail with the aid of the model; however, it is clear that an improved model is of a three-phase flow, a slow phase creeping along either plane with a faster ‘core’ flow in between.     

Structure of the capsular polysaccharide from the Klebsiella K8 reference strain 1015

The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from the Klebsiella K8 reference strain 1015 has been elucidated. The structure was deduced from sugar analysis, different methylation analyses, a uronic acid degradation, and NMR spectroscopy. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units with the structure: [formula: see text] The structure differs from that of the previously published structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K8, which originates from another strain and has the following structure: [formula: see text] The serological similarity between the two strains is most likely derived from a common tetrasaccharide which is substituted in different ways in the two strains. Since the strain in the present investigation originates from the Klebsiella K reference strain collection of the International Escherichia and Klebsiella Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark, it is suggested that it should keep the designation K8. The other polysaccharide with Klebsiella K8 specificity should be renamed as K8,52,59 based on the cross-reactivity of the strain (I. Orskov, unpublished).     

Crystallization behaviour of amorphous Zr1-xCox alloys with 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.41

The crystallization of melt-spun amorphous Zr_1-xCo_x alloys with 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.41 has been studied under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions by use of DSC-technique. Up to three peaks were observed. The crystallization temperature varies with composition from 631 K for x = 0.20 to 746 K for x = 0.41. Isothermal annealing of x = 0.41 shows that the kinetics of the crystallization can be described by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation with n ≈ 2.85 at lower annealing temperatures (712.5 – 725 K) while in the temperature range 725 K to 740 K n increases with increasing annealing temperature. The phases formed during the crystallization process have been identified by means of X-ray diffraction techniques and electron microscope studies. For compositions around x = 0.33 microcrystalline phases are formed upon crystallization.