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121.
Acute anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of an unripe apple preparation containing phlorizin in healthy volunteers: a preliminary study 下载免费PDF全文
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123.
Elina Esmaeel Nad Maryam Ehteshamzadeh 《Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry》2014,50(1):50-56
The effects of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles size on the friction coefficient and corrosion performance of the Ni-P/TiO2 composite coatings before and after heat treatment at 400°C for 1h have been investigated. Pin-on-disc analysis results have revealed that the highest and the lowest friction coefficients belonged, respectively, to the simple Ni-P coating and the Ni-P/TiO2 composite coating containing TiO2 particles of the average size of 0.1 μm (μ ~ 0.62 against 0.52). Eventually, a relative reduction in the corrosion resistance and the friction coefficient (as low as μ ~ 0.38) have been observed after heat treatment of Ni-P and Ni-P/TiO2 composite coatings. 相似文献
124.
Elina Siirola Annika Frank Gideon Grogan Wolfgang Kroutil 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2013,355(9):1677-1691
Although C C bond hydrolases are distributed widely in Nature, they has as yet have received only limited attention in the area of biocatalysis compared to their counterpart the C‐heteroatom hydrolases, such as lipases and proteases. However, the substrate range of C C hydrolases, and their non‐dependence on cofactors, suggest that these enzymes may have considerable potential for applications in synthesis. In addition, hydrolases such as the β‐diketone hydrolase from Rhodococcus (OCH) are known, that catalyse the formation of interesting chiral intermediates. Further enzymes, such as kynureninase and a meta‐cleavage product hydrolase (MhpC), are able to catalyse carbon‐carbon bond formation, suggesting wider applications in biocatalysis than previously envisaged. In this review, the distribution, catalytic characteristics and applications of C C hydrolases are described, with a view to assessing their potentialfor use in biocatalytic processes in the future. 相似文献
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Sommerville Jessica A.; Hildebrand Elina A.; Crane Catharyn C. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,44(5):1249
Prior work suggests that active experience affects infants' understanding of simple actions. The present studies compared the impact of active and observational experience on infants' ability to identify the goal of a novel tool-use event. Infants either received active training and practice in using a cane to retrieve an out-of-reach toy or had matched observational experience before taking part in a habituation paradigm that we used to assess infants' ability to identify the goal of another person's tool-use acts. Active training alone facilitated 10-month-old infants' ability to identify the goal of the tool-use event. Active experience using tools may enable infants to build motor representations of tool-use events that subsequently guide action perception and support action understanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
126.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. “Obese/Metabolic NAFLD” is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance and therefore predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD can also be caused by common genetic variants, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) or the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2). Since NAFL, irrespective of its cause, can progress to NASH and liver fibrosis, its definition is of interest. We reviewed the literature to identify data on definition of normal liver fat using liver histology and different imaging tools, and analyzed whether NAFLD caused by the gene variants is associated with insulin resistance. Histologically, normal liver fat content in liver biopsies is most commonly defined as macroscopic steatosis in less than 5% of hepatocytes. In the population-based Dallas Heart Study, the upper 95th percentile of liver fat measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in healthy subjects was 5.6%, which corresponds to approximately 15% histological liver fat. When measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques such as the proton density fat fraction (PDFF), 5% macroscopic steatosis corresponds to a PDFF of 6% to 6.4%. In contrast to “Obese/metabolic NAFLD”, NAFLD caused by genetic variants is not associated with insulin resistance. This implies that NAFLD is heterogeneous and that “Obese/Metabolic NAFLD” but not NAFLD due to the PNPLA3 or TM6SF2 genetic variants predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
127.
Virpi Lehtoranta Anna-Kaisa Kosenius Elina Seppälä 《Water Resources Management》2017,31(13):4117-4132
Despite growing knowledge of a disparity between stated and actual willingness to engage in pro-environmental behavior, little is known about the cognitive or attitudinal factors explaining the disparity. In the context of water quality improvement in a river basin, we address the disparity issue by applying two approaches: a typical valuation question with a hypothetical option of voluntary payment and a valuation question with a real option of voluntary payment. The latter treatment allows for further analysis of the respondents who committed to a real payment. We show empirical evidence on the psychological factors explaining the disparity between the treatments and its relationship with response uncertainty. The extent of learning from the survey about water management of the watershed increased the likelihood of stating the willingness to contribute, either with certainty or uncertainty. In turn, a previous contribution to the environmental issue, higher income, belief in the scenario, and responding to the hypothetical treatment increased the likelihood of stating certain willingness to contribute. Our findings indicate that the factors influencing the decision on the maximum payment differ between treatments. Cognitive factors, such as perceiving the valuation scenario as plausible, learning from the questionnaire, and in which mailing round the respondent completed the survey, only explained the stated amount for the willingness to pay in the treatment with a hypothetical option for voluntary payment. In the real option treatment, a higher stated willingness to pay was more likely if the respondent actually made the payment and had a higher household income. 相似文献
128.
Mahmud Diab Michael Volokh Brian Moshofsky Ilan Jen-La Plante Kobi Flomin Elina Chockler Taleb Mokari 《Israel journal of chemistry》2012,52(11-12):1081-1089
The synthesis of various types of metal oxide and metal sulfide nanostructures through the thermal decomposition of single-source molecular precursors is presented. By varying the reaction conditions, such as solvent, precursor concentration, temperature, and time, we were able to control the shape of Fe3O4 (rectangles and belt-like structures), CoO nanofibers, and SnO2 nanowires. Two sulfides are also presented: CdS filling a vertically aligned ZnO nanowire array (to create a hybrid structure) and SnS wires. The formation of various phases of iron oxide and cobalt oxide is also shown. 相似文献