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71.
Heme-dependent and heme-independent nitrite reduction by lactic acid bacteria results in different N-containing products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gudrun Wolf Elke K. Arendt Ute Pfhler Walter P. Hammes 《International journal of food microbiology》1990,10(3-4):323-329
Seventy strains of lactic acid bacteria were investigated for nitrite reductase activity. Two types of this activity were detected. Type I was found in Lactobacillus plantarum, L. pentosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus. This activity is heme-dependent with ammonia as the sole product. Type II mechanism is heme-independent and reduces nitrite to NO and N2O. 相似文献
72.
Two derivations of the loss parameter R , entirely from wave considerations in the presence of a metallic interface, are presented. R , which represents surface losses, occurs in transmission line equations for propagation of the voltage across the plates and of the current in the plates. Explanation of the surface losses involves some radiation of the interior fields into the metallic surfaces that absorb electromagnetic energy, and that ultimately convert it into ohmic losses (heat). Although the approach may restrict the derivation to a planar interface, i.e., to a parallel-plate transmission line, that restriction is not so essential that it cannot be softened 相似文献
73.
Haika Moshe‐Drezner Doron Shilo Avraham Dorogoy Emil Zolotoyabko 《Advanced functional materials》2010,20(16):2723-2728
In this study, a newly developed nanoscale modulus mapping is applied in order to visualize the 2D‐distribution of mechanical characteristics in the aragonitic nacre layer of Perna canaliculus (green mussel) shells. Modulus maps provide lateral resolution of about 10 nm. They allow the aragonitic mineral (CaCO3) tablets and the interfaces between them to be clearly resolved, which are filled by an organic substance (mainly beta‐chitin). The experimental data are compared with finite element simulations that also take into account the tip radius of curvature and the thickness of organic layers, as measured by means of scanning electron microscopy with back‐scattered electrons. Based on this comparison, the Young modulus of beta‐chitin is extracted. The obtained number, Eβ = 40 GPa, is higher than previously evaluated. The collected maps reveal that the elastic modules in the nacre layer change gradually across the ceramic/organic interfaces within a spatial range four times wider than the thickness of the organic layers. This is possibly due to inhomogeneous distribution of organic macromolecules within ceramic tablets. According to the data, the concentration of macromolecules gradually increases when approaching the organic/ceramic interfaces. A behavior of this type is unique to biogenic materials and distinguishes them from synthetic composite materials. Finally, three possible mechanisms that attempt to explain why gradual changes of elastic modules significantly enhance the overall resistance to fracture of the nacre layer are briefly discussed. The experimental findings support the idea that individual ceramic tablets, comprising the nacre, are built of the compositionally and functionally graded ceramic material. This sheds additional light on the origin of the superior mechanical properties of biogenic composites. 相似文献
74.
Tianwu Wang Krzysztof Iwaszczuk Emil Astrup Wrisberg Emil Vosmar Denning Peter Uhd Jepsen 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》2016,37(6):592-604
The performance of air-biased coherent detection (ABCD) in a broadband two-color laser-induced air plasma system for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been investigated. Fundamental parameters of the ABCD detection, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), dynamic range (DR), and linearity of detection have been characterized. Moreover, the performance of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and an avalanche photodiode (APD) as photodetector in the ABCD have been compared. We have observed nonlinear behavior of PMT detector, which leads to artificial gain factor in TDS spectroscopy. The APD turns out to have superior linearity and three times higher dynamic compared to the PMT. 相似文献
75.
By exploiting electronic and thermal tuning by forward and backward biasing the tuning region, a record continuous tuning range of 11nm has been achieved with an improved strained-layer (SL) multiquantum-well (MQW) TTG DFB laser at 1.55 mu m wavelength. Over a wavelength range of 9.2nm an optical power above 1mW and a spectral linewidth below 30MHz can be maintained with 400 mu m long devices.<> 相似文献
76.
G. Agostinelli A. Delabie P. Vitanov Z. Alexieva H.F.W. Dekkers S. De Wolf G. Beaucarne 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2006,90(18-19):3438-3443
Surface recombination velocities as low as 10 cm/s have been obtained by treated atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 layers on p-type CZ silicon wafers. Low surface recombination is achieved by means of field induced surface passivation due to a high density of negative charges stored at the interface. In comparison to a diffused back surface field, an external field source allows for higher band bending, that is, a better performance. While this process yields state of the art results, it is not suited for large-scale production. Preliminary results on an industrially viable, alternative process based on a pseudo-binary system containing Al2O3 are presented, too. With this process, surface recombination velocities of 500–1000 cm/s have been attained on mc-Si wafers. 相似文献
77.
On the Probability of Undetected Error for Linear Block Codes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The problem of computing the probability of undetected error is considered for linear block codes used for error detection. The recent literature is first reviewed and several results are extended. It is pointed out that an exact calculation can be based on either the weight distribution of a code or its dual. Using the dual code formulation, the probability of undetected error for the ensemble of all nonbinary linear block codes is derived as well as a theorem that shows why the probability of undetected error may not be a monotonic function of channel error rate for some poor codes. Several bounds on the undetected error probability are then presented. We conclude with detailed examples of binary and nonbinary codes for which exact results can be obtained. An efficient technique for measuring an unknown weight distribution is suggested and exact results are compared with experimental results. 相似文献
78.
Transient studies on methane oxidative coupling over alkali-metal promoted titanate catalysts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A transient method to study the role of the different oxygen species involved in oxidative coupling of methane is discussed. The method is applied to two new active catalysts for this process, which are based on alkali metal loaded titanates of lanthanum and nickel and also to a lithium/titania catalyst used in previous works. The results show that the participation of lattice oxygen in the formation of C2 products depends on the Li loading and the type of titanate used. 相似文献
79.
Automated extraction and classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Franklin T. Lombardo Joseph A. Main Emil Simiu 《Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics》2009,97(3-4):120-131
Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS data for structural engineering purposes, procedures and software are presented for (a) extraction of peak gust wind data and thunderstorm observations from archived ASOS reports, (b) classification of wind data as thunderstorm or non-thunderstorm to enable separate analyses, and (c) construction of data sets separated by specified minimum time intervals to ensure statistical independence. The procedures are illustrated using approximately 20-year datasets from three ASOS stations near New York City. It is shown that for these stations thunderstorm wind speeds dominate the extreme wind climate at long return periods. Also presented are estimates based on commingled data sets (i.e., sets containing, indiscriminately, both non-thunderstorm and thunderstorm wind speeds), which until now have been used almost exclusively for extreme wind speed estimates in the US. Analyses at additional stations will be needed to check whether these results are typical for locations with both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm winds. 相似文献
80.
Angela Sester Katrin Stüer-Patowsky Prof. Dr. Wolf Hiller Dr. Florian Kloss Prof. Dr. Stephan Lütz Prof. Dr. Markus Nett 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(16):2268-2273
Enzyme promiscuity has important implications in the field of biocatalysis. In some cases, structural analogues of simple metabolic building blocks can be processed through entire pathways to give natural product derivatives that are not readily accessible by chemical means. In this study, we explored the plasticity of the aurachin biosynthesis pathway with regard to using fluoro- and chloroanthranilic acids, which are not abundant in the bacterial producers of these quinolone antibiotics. The incorporation rates of the tested precursor molecules disclosed a regiopreference for halogen substitution as well as steric limitations of enzymatic substrate tolerance. Three previously undescribed fluorinated aurachin derivatives were produced in preparative amounts by fermentation and structurally characterized. Furthermore, their antibacterial activities were evaluated in comparison to their natural congener aurachin D. 相似文献