The KeY tool

KeY is a tool that provides facilities for formal specification and verification of programs within a commercial platform for UML based software development. Using the KeY tool, formal methods and object-oriented development techniques are applied in an integrated manner. Formal specification is performed using the Object Constraint Language (OCL), which is part of the UML standard. KeY provides support for the authoring and formal analysis of OCL constraints. The target language of KeY based development is Java Card DL, a proper subset of Java for smart card applications and embedded systems. KeY uses a dynamic logic for Java Card DL to express proof obligations, and provides a state-of-the-art theorem prover for interactive and automated verification. Apart from its integration into UML based software development, a characteristic feature of KeY is that formal specification and verification can be introduced incrementally.     

Responsibility to the Nonpsychologist.

Comments on an article by Leonard Krasner (see record 1963-00116-001) which discussed psychological research on behavior control and social responsibility. Krasner argues quite cogently that psychotherapy and some other psychological techniques are necessarily means of controlling the behavior of others, and may often be subtly manipulative and coercive. The commentator suggests another approach to Kranser's suggestions about how the undesirable aspects of such control may be dealt with. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Waste water combustion in a confined swirl flame

Water with dissolved N-compounds ammonia, aminoethanol and ε-caprolactam (NH₃, C₂H₇NO and C₆H₁₁NO) was sprayed into a confined swirl flame operating under various conditions. The model waste water and the atomizing fluid influence the visible flame structure. Droplet evaporatio takes place in the recirculation zone of the flow. Measurements of the NO concentrations admit an evaluation of the conversion efficiency of the water dissolved N compounds under the present conditions. It can be shown that Fenimore's universal curve of fuel-N conversion in premixed ideal flames is applicable to describe and predict the NO formation in this very complex technical combustion systems.     

Pyroelectricity and charge transport in a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene

A copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene shows pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects after poling. Thermal pulsing measurements indicate that the polarization in this material is highly non-uniform. The piezo/pyroelectric response of this non-uniformly poled copolymer consists of two parts: a rapid response that is the result of changes in internal polarization, and a delayed response due to reversible motion of real charge through the bulk of the material. This model explains previously reported observations of the independence of pyroelectric response over a wide range of poling conditions.     

Bücherschau

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Mental health commitment: the state of the debate, 1980

This overview of recent mental health commitment litigation and statutes begins with the 1972 decision by a federal district court in Wisconsin that the state's procedures for commitment were constitutionally defective; the case, Lessard v. Schmidt, was a bellwether for the decade. By 1979 three major mental health cases concerning civil commitment reached and were decided by the U.S. Supreme Court--O'Connor v. Donaldson, Addington v. Texas, and Parbam v. J. R. The author reviews the impact of changing standards and procedures on commitment and discusses in some detail the Addington and Parbam cases. He feels that one lesson of those cases is that the positions of the main disputants in the commitment controversy--legal advocates and beleaguered professional--must be compromised. He also discusses the logical culmination of the continuing controversy between law and psychiatry about civil commitment: the committed patient's right to refuse customary treatment.     

Production of hydronium beta alumina from sodium beta alumina and characterization of conversion products

Different techniques were applied to convert samples of sodium beta alumina to hydronium beta alumina. Fully and partially converted samples, obtained in boiling concentrated H₂SO₄ from crystals of monofrax sodium beta alumina as starting material, were characterized by chemical analysis, thermogravimetric measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis. The fully hydrated form of hydronium beta alumina contained about three molecules of water normalized for the sodium content of the starting material while the partially hydrated form had about two molecules of water in our work. The conversion appears to proceed with a moving boundary from the surface into the bulk.     

Effective strategic programming for Java developers

In object programming languages, the Visitor design pattern allows separation of algorithms and data structures. When applying this pattern to tree‐like structures, programmers are always confronted with the difficulty of making their code evolve. One reason is that the code implementing the algorithm is interwound with the code implementing the traversal inside the visitor. When implementing algorithms such as data analyses or transformations, encoding the traversal directly into the algorithm turns out to be cumbersome as this type of algorithm only focuses on a small part of the data‐structure model (e.g., program optimization). Unfortunately, typed programming languages like Java do not offer simple solutions for expressing generic traversals. Rewrite‐based languages like ELAN or Stratego have introduced the notion of strategies to express both generic traversal and rule application control in a declarative way. Starting from this approach, our goal was to make the notion of strategic programming available in a widely used language such as Java and thus to offer generic traversals in typed Java structures. In this paper, we present the strategy language SL that provides programming support for strategies in Java. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Bi‐Sheath Fiber Sensor for Giant Tensile and Torsional Displacements

Current research about resistive sensors is rarely focusing on improving the strain range and linearity of resistance–strain dependence. In this paper, a bi‐sheath buckled structure is designed containing buckled carbon nanotube sheets and buckled rubber on rubber fiber. Strain decrease results in increasing buckle contact by the rubber interlayer and a large decrease in resistance. The resulting strain sensor can be reversibly stretched to 600%, undergoing a linear resistance increase as large as 102% for 0–200% strain and 160% for 200–600% strain. This strain sensor shows high linearity, fast response time, high resolution, excellent stability, and almost no hysteresis.