Research and Improvement on structure stability and corrosion resistance of nickel-base superalloy INCONEL alloy 740

INCONEL alloy 740 is a newly developed Ni–Cr–Co–Mo–Nb–Ti–Al superalloy in the application to ultra-supercritical boilers with steam temperatures up to 700 °C. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-chemical phase analyses, and corrosion-resisting test, this paper investigates the structure stability of the alloy at elevated temperature and concentrates on coal ash corrosion performance of the alloy under the simulated coal ash/flue gas condition. Experimental results show that the most important structure instabilities of the alloy during prolonged aging are γ′ coarsening, γ′ to η transformation and G phase formation at grain boundary. The performance of corrosion resistance of the alloy would meet the requirement of ultra-supercritical boiler tubes. The phase computation by means of Thermo-Calc has been adopted in chemical composition modification for structure stability improvement. Two suggested new modified alloys in adjustment of the Al and Ti contents and in control of Si level, and also in maintenance of Cr content of the alloy were designed and melted for experimental investigation. These two modified alloys exhibit more stable microstructure during 760 °C long time aging.     

Determination of density distribution in ferrous powder compacts using ultrasonic tomography.

Laser-induced ultrasonic bulk wave tomography is used for density variation determination of powder metal compacts. A laser beam is used to excite ultrasonic energy, and the signals passing through the specimen are received by an air-coupled transducer. The density variations of powder metal compacts can be determined directly by the cross-sectional tomographic images of slowness obtained by using a filtered, backprojection algorithm based on measured time of flights. Interpolations with respect to sample and projection angles are used to generate the input data required for displaying a well-balanced, reconstructed image to reduce the aliasing distortions caused by insufficient input data. Results of presintered cylindrical ferrous powdered samples show that this novel approach makes the reconstruction process more cost effective than the very tedious, time-consuming, and inaccurate metallographic methods, thus making it a potentially powerful tool for studying manufacturing processes through significant parameters to obtain a more uniform density distribution.     

60000m^3／h空分设备物料平衡及变负荷控制原理

文章以60000m^3／h空分设备为例，以理论计算为基础，从物料平衡角度出发，介绍空分设备的自动变负荷的控制原理和计算。实际运行证明，自动变负荷控制系统运行效果较好。     

60000m~3/h空分设备物料平衡及变负荷控制原理

文章以60000m3/h空分设备为例,以理论计算为基础,从物料平衡角度出发,介绍空分设备的自动变负荷的控制原理和计算。实际运行证明,自动变负荷控制系统运行效果较好。     

Comparison of structural and photoluminescence properties of ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

ZnO thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method, respectively. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterizations indicate that ZnO film grown by PLD exhibits better crystallinity than that grown by USP. Photoluminescence spectra show that the near-band edge ultraviolet emission of film grown by PLD is narrower and shifts to higher energy, compared with that of film grown by USP. In the visible range, ZnO film grown by PLD exhibits four local level emission centered at 470 nm, 486 nm, 544 nm, and 613 nm, respectively, while the film grown by USP only presents a weak broad band emission centered at 502 nm. Hall measurement shows higher carrier density and lower hall mobility in ZnO film grown by PLD than that in film grown by USP. The higher density of intrinsic defects as well as higher crystallintiy is considered to account for the difference of photoluminescence in ZnO film grown by PLD with that in film grown by USP.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化活性研究

采用正交设计方法,试验研究了4种因素对溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化活性的影响,确定了各因素所对应的最佳水平,得到了溶胶-凝胶法制备高光催化活性纳米TiO2的最佳工艺条件;且对最佳工艺条件制备的TiO2和商业粉P-25进行了XRD和UV-Vis吸收光谱分析.结果表明,自制的TiO2由纯锐钛矿组成,其平均晶粒尺寸为18.2 nm,比混晶型的P-25 TiO2晶粒尺寸(24.7 nm)要小.自制TiO2粉在330～370nm的紫外光区的吸收增强,在可见光区的吸收也较P-25有所增强.两者都有利于光催化活性的提高,使得光催化降解甲基橙的活性与P-25相当.     

Developments in reverse Brayton cycle cryocooler in China

As one of the primary methods of cryogenic refrigeration, reverse Brayton cycle cryocooler, which includes high-speed turbine using gas bearing and compact heat exchanger, has many advantages such as long-life, high reliability and efficiency. In this paper general aspects of reverse Brayton cycle cryocooler in China are introduced, such as its application in the space simulation program, mechanical cryocooler for lower temperature space applications. The main design parameters and operating performance of cryocoolers are presented in this paper.     

Soft handoff and connection reliability in cellular CDMA downlinks

A two-phase soft handoff scheme, which includes an initial power allocation phase followed by a power redistribution phase, is proposed. The initial power allocation phase makes a handoff decision for each connection by assigning a connection to the BS with the best link quality and allocating a minimum amount of power from the BS for the connection. The initial handoff decisions are made for individual connections independent of other connections or the BS power availability. Therefore, there might be heavily loaded and lightly loaded BSs because (i) traffic load may not be equally distributed in all cells, and (ii) the channel condition of the connections is random. The power re-distribution phase is to smooth out the loading on the system by coordinating the power allocations among neighboring BSs so that more connections can receive reliable transmissions. We then develop an analytical model for studying the connection reliability with the proposed soft handoff scheme. Our results show that the proposed two-phase soft handoff scheme can significantly improve connection reliability and increase system capacity in downlink transmissions.     

Symbol error rate of selection amplify-and-forward relay systems

Cooperative diversity schemes significantly improve the performance of wireless networks by transmitting the same information through several nodes. The amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying method is one of the most attractive cooperative diversity schemes due to its low complexity. Selection AF relaying has recently been proven to achieve the same diversity order as and lower outage probability than all-participate relays. In this letter, we present an asymptotic analysis of the symbol error rates of a selection AF network, and compare it with the conventional all-participate scheme