Holzinger, A.: Basiswissen Multimedia Bd. 1: Technik. Zahlir Abb., 284 S. ISBN 3-8023-1856-0; Bd. 2: Lernen. Zahlr. Abb., 290 S. ISBN 3-8023-1857-0; Bd. 3: Design. Zahlr. Abb., 280 S. ISBN 3-8023-1858-0. Vogl, Würzburg, 2000. DM 59,-, ATS 431,- (je Band)

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Holzinger, A.: Basiswissen Multimedia Bd. 1: Technik. Zahlir Abb., 284 S. ISBN 3-8023-1856-0; Bd. 2: Lernen. Zahlr. Abb., 290 S. ISBN 3-8023-1857-0; Bd. 3: Design. Zahlr. Abb., 280 S. ISBN 3-8023-1858-0. Vogl, Würzburg, 2000. DM 59,-, ATS 431,- (je Band)     

Fabrication and mobility characteristics of SiGe surface channel pMOSFETs with a HfO/sub 2//TiN gate stack

This paper describes an extensive experimental study of TiN/HfO/sub 2//SiGe and TiN/HfO/sub 2//Si cap/SiGe gate stacked-transistors. Through a careful analysis of the interface quality (interface states and roughness), we demonstrate that an ultrathin silicon cap is mandatory to obtain high hole mobility enhancement. Based on quantum mechanical simulations and capacitance-voltage characterization, we show that this silicon cap is not contributing any silicon parasitic channel conduction and degrades by only 1 /spl Aring/ the electrical oxide thickness in inversion. Due to this interface optimization, Si/sub 0.72/Ge/sub 0.28/ pMOSFETs exhibit a 58% higher mobility at high effective field (1 MV/cm) than the universal SiO/sub 2//Si reference and a 90% higher mobility than the HfO/sub 2//Si reference. This represents one of the best hole mobility results at 1 MV/cm ever reported with a high-/spl kappa//metal gate stack. We thus validate a possible solution to drastically improve the hole mobility in Si MOSFETs with high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectrics.     

Carrier transport in HfO/sub 2//metal gate MOSFETs: physical insight into critical parameters

Electron and hole mobility in HfO/sub 2//metal gate MOSFETs is deeply studied through low-temperature measurements down to 4.2 K. Original technological splits allow the decorrelation of the different scattering mechanisms. It is found that even when charge trapping is negligible, strong remote coulomb scattering (RCS) due to fixed charges or dipoles causes most of the mobility degradation. The effective charges are found to be located in the HfO/sub 2/ near the SiO/sub 2/ interface within 2 nm. Experimental results are well reproduced by RCS calculation using 7/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ fixed charges at the HfO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/ interface. We also discuss the role of remote phonon scattering in such gate stacks. Interactions with surface soft-optical phonon of HfO/sub 2/ are clearly evidenced for a metal gate but remain of second order. All these remote interactions are significant for an interfacial oxide thickness up to 2 nm, over which, these are negligible. Finally, the metal gate (TiN) itself induces a modified surface-roughness term that impacts the low to high effective field mobility even for the SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectric references.     

Supramolecular Assembly of Aminoethylene‐Lipopeptide PMO Conjugates into RNA Splice‐Switching Nanomicelles

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are oligonucleotide analogs that can be used for therapeutic modulation of pre‐mRNA splicing. Similar to other classes of nucleic acid‐based therapeutics, PMOs require delivery systems for efficient transport to the intracellular target sites. Here, artificial peptides based on the oligo(ethylenamino) acid succinyl‐tetraethylenpentamine (Stp), hydrophobic modifications, and an azide group are presented, which are used for strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition conjugation with splice‐switching PMOs. By systematically varying the lead structure and formulation, it is determined that the type of contained fatty acid and supramolecular assembly have a critical impact on the delivery efficacy. A compound containing linolenic acid with three cis double bonds exhibits the highest splice‐switching activity and significantly increases functional protein expression in pLuc/705 reporter cells in vitro and after local administration in vivo. Structural and mechanistic studies reveal that the lipopeptide PMO conjugates form nanoparticles, which accelerate cellular uptake and that the content of unsaturated fatty acids enhances endosomal escape. In an in vitro Duchenne muscular dystrophy exon skipping model using H2K‐mdx52 dystrophic skeletal myotubes, the highly potent PMO conjugates mediate significant splice‐switching at very low nanomolar concentrations. The presented aminoethylene‐lipopeptides are thus a promising platform for the generation of PMO‐therapeutics with a favorable activity/toxicity profile.     

A novel approach to model the land mobile satellite channel through reversible jump markov chain monte carlo technique

A key issue in the design of a mobile satellite communication system is an adequate knowledge of the statistical behavior of the propagation channel. To achieve this goal, the development of very accurate models plays a very important role. In contrast to traditional multi-state Markov chain based models, the novel approach proposed in this paper makes no prior assumptions on the number of states or on the statistical distributions characterizing each state. The sequence of channel states is blindly estimated using a Reversible Jump Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm.     

Magnetostatic wave devices for UHF band applications

Magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) devices made with pure and gallium-substituted yttrium-iron garnet (Ga:La-YIG) films are described. These devices include nondispersive and dispersive delay lines, band-pass filters, oscillators, and resonators. By controlling the magnitude of the bias magnetic field and the temperature of operation, it is possible to tune these devices over a wide frequency range extending from 0.3 to 4 GHz and from 3 to 18 GHz using Ga:La-YIG and pure YIG films, respectively.These devices could be used in pulse compression radar, microscan receivers, complicated Fourier transform processors, and fundamental oscillator circuits. In this paper, we briefly show results for pure YIG devices tunable in C and X bands and discuss, in detail, the performance of the Ga:La-YIG devices for UHF applications.     

Results of psychotherapeutic quality control and their consequences for the general practitioner

The evaluation of psychotherapeutic procedures has been rendered possible by comparing treated and untreated randomized groups. An analysis of expected and unexpected results shows that precisely those elements of psychotherapy which can be applied by practitioners are successful.     

Detecting and treating arteriosclerotic renovascular hypertension

Renovascular hypertension is the most prevalent form of surgically remediable hypertension. With appropriate selection of operative candidates, a high rate of cure or improvement may be anticipated. Favorable results justify revascularization in hypertensive patients with focal arteriosclerotic renal artery disease. The absence of advanced arteriosclerosis provides the most valid basis for predicting long-term survival following revascularization. Patients with clinically demonstrable diffuse arteriosclerotic disease are preferably treated medically; we consider them candidates for surgery only if drug therapy cannot control blood pressure. Renal revascularization does not appear to alter the inexorable progression of concomitant generalized arteriosclerosis. Revascularization rather than nephrectomy is the primary surgical therapy for renal artery stenosis in properly selected patients.     

Einfluß der Kaltverformung auf die Wasserstoffdiffusion in α-Eisen

Messung der Wasserstoffpermeation durch rekristallisiertes und durch kaltgewalztes Eisen mit einer elektrolytischen Doppelzelle. Deutung der Abbaukurven und deren Temperaturabhängigkeit. Erörterung der Wechselwirkung des Wasserstoffs mit Gitterfehlern.