鄱阳湖湖区三站点水质评价及其变化特征研究

应用模糊综合定量评价法对鄱阳湖星子站、都昌站、棠荫站区域的水质进行了评价,以3个指标(氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、总磷)作为评价因子,建立评价矩阵,计算出因子权重,得出特征指数,最后评价出水质级别,该方法能够得到其它方法难以达到的客观性和综合性。水质监测数据和评价结果表明:2003-2008年鄱阳湖3站点水质状况尚属良好,大部分时期在Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水平,但也有部分时段超标;在劣于Ⅱ类水的情况下,3个站点所在区域枯水期水质均比丰水期和平水期差。     

二灰土渗透系数随龄期变化的微细结构分析

为解释二灰土的宏观物理特性,在进行常规的二灰土渗透试验后,利用岩土材料微细结构光学测试系统拍摄了二灰土的微细结构序列图像。采用数字图像处理方法从二灰土初始状态微细结构图像以及养护7 d,14 d和28 d后的微细结构图像中获取所需的微细结构参数,对其进行分析,揭示二灰土渗透系数随龄期变化的宏观现象。结果表明,随着龄期的增长,二灰土颗粒面积比例不断增大,颗粒圆度、孔隙定向度和孔隙分布分维数不断减小,微观试验参数的变化很好地解释了宏观试验所得出的渗透系数随龄期逐渐减小的变化规律。     

BOUSSINESQ MODELLING OF NEARSHORE WAVES UNDER BODY FITTED COORDINATE

A set of nonlinear Boussinesq equations with fully nonlinearity property is solved numerically in generalized coordinates,to develop a Boussinesq-type wave model in dealing with irregular computation boundaries in complex nearshore regions and to facilitate the grid refinements in simulations.The governing equations expressed in contravariant components of velocity vectors under curvilinear coordinates are derived and a high order finite difference scheme on a staggered grid is employed for the numerical implementation.The developed model is used to simulate nearshore wave propagations under curvilinear coordinates,the numerical results are compared against analytical or experimental data with a good agreement.     

FLOW REGIMES BELOW AERATORS FOR DISCHARGE TUNNELS

The flow regimes below an aerator influence directly the air entrainment and the cavitation damage control. Based on the theoretical considerations, the experiments of the aerator for a discharge tunnel were conducted, and the relationships between the flow regime and hydraulic and geometric parameters were investigated. The results showed that, there are two kinds of threshold values for the flow regime conversions. One is1-2Fr standing for the conversion from the fully filled cavity to the partially filledcavity, and the other is2-3Fr which shows the change from the partially filled cavity to the net air cavity. Two empirical expressions were obtained for the conversions of the flow regimes, which can be used in the designs of the aerators.     

HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SLIT-TYPE ENERGY DISSIPA-TERS

Slit-Type Energy Dissipater(STED) has been a kind of important devices for energy dissipation.The flow through the STED is longitudinally extended and the velocity is decreased by means of the cross-section increase of the flow,which is closely related to geometric and hydraulic parameters of the STED.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate and control the hydraulic condi-tions through the STED,including the nappe section form,the conversion condition,and the effect of energy dissipation with the geometric and hydraulic parameters.In the present work,"I-type" and "T-type" nappe forms were experimentally classified,the con-version conditions of the nappe forms were empirically provided,and the effects of geometric parameters of the STED on energy dissipation were roughly analyzed.It is concluded that the contraction angle of the STED is a key factor influencing the hydraulic characteristics of the STED.     

桂林市青狮潭水库入库径流变化分析

采用极值比和变差系数分析桂林市青狮潭水库1958—1995年入库径流量的年际变化特征,采用距平百分率法和Kendall秩次相关法分析入库径流变化趋势。分析表明,洪水期径流年际变化最剧烈,枯水期径流年际变化最小;年径流、雨期径流、洪水期径流和枯水期径流均呈增加趋势,但趋势不显著。     

三角测量系统优化分析及其在锡膏测厚中的应用

为实现对三角测量系统的优化设计,建立了测量模型.通过对模型参数的分析和论证,结合系统测量精度和测量范围的设计要求,得到三角测量系统优化模型;运用多种光学器件的特性参数,对系统优化模型进行了实验论证,并提出合理的硬件选型及匹配方案;基于锡膏测厚的具体要求构建了三角测量系统,通过多次重复性实验,验证所设计的测量系统满足设计要求,且稳定可靠.     

有机氮化物在镍钼硫催化剂的表面吸附

加氢精制过程中,有机含氮化合物的存在会使得贵金属催化剂或酸性催化剂中毒,同时抑制加氢脱硫（HDS）催化剂的活性,因此研究含氮化合物在催化剂表面的吸附行为有助于了解含氮化合物对HDS反应的作用机理.本研究构建一个周期性的镍钼硫（NiMoS）催化剂超晶胞模型,应用密度泛函理论的方法计算了平行吸附和垂直吸附状态下的吡啶、喹啉、咔唑和吲哚在NiMoS催化剂表面的吸附构型和吸附能.结果表明：碱性分子吡啶和喹啉通过Ni-N键吸附在催化剂的表面上,主要表现为垂直吸附;而非碱性分子吲哚通过吡咯环的β-C键吸附在催化剂表面上,咔唑则主要通过苯环吸附在催化剂表面上,两者均以平行吸附为主.比较两类不同吸附构型的吸附能发现,在NiMoS催化剂表面碱性氮化物的吸附能比非碱性氮化物的吸附能高.氮化物在催化剂表面的吸附过程为放热过程.     

星形微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置上类金刚石薄膜的制备

以甲烷、氢气和氧气为反应气体,分别在镜面抛光的单晶硅片和石英玻璃基片上制备了类金刚石薄膜,并用扫描电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱和傅立叶红外透射光谱仪等测试方法对薄膜的表面形貌、质量和光学性能进行了表征;通过对类金刚石（DLC）薄膜制备过程中碳源浓度、基片温度等参数的研究,掌握了工艺参数对薄膜性能的影响规律,并在此基础上成功地对薄膜的沉积工艺进行了优化.结果表明,当反应气体中的流量配比为甲烷∶氢气∶氧气=10∶100∶1,腔体压力和基片温度分别为0.5 kPa和400℃,制备出的DLC薄膜表面光滑平整,薄膜中的纳米金刚石特征峰明显,在石英玻璃上沉积的DLC薄膜在3 000～4 000 cm-1波数区间透光率超过80％,达到了光学应用要求.     

校园空气质量监测与综合评价

以华北电力大学北京校区的空气质量状况为研究对象,采用现场监测方法,对校园空气中二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物及降尘等常规指标进行连续监测及分析,将所得到的空气监测样本数据应用模糊数学评价法进行了综合评价,结果表明:华北电力大学校区的空气质量状况具有明显的地域特征;监测期间内主要的空气污染物质为降尘,其所占当日权重全部在0.4以上。由此可见,高速公路、建筑施工工地对校园空气质量存在很大的影响,且生活区模糊综合评价结果及综合评价值要远优于临街办公区。