The effects of transformational and change leadership on employees' commitment to a change: A multilevel study.

The effects of transformational leadership on the outcomes of specific change initiatives are not well understood. Conversely, organizational change studies have examined leader behaviors during specific change implementations yet have failed to link these to broader leadership theories. In this study, the authors investigate the relationship between transformational and change leadership and followers' commitment to a particular change initiative as a function of the personal impact of the changes. Transformational leadership was found to be more strongly related to followers' change commitment than change-specific leadership practices, especially when the change had significant personal impact. For leaders who were not viewed as transformational, good change-management practices were found to be associated with higher levels of change commitment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Colorimetrische Bestimmung von Butylhydroxyanisol

Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit ist die ursprüngliche colorimetrische Bestimmung von BHA beschrieben. Die Methode beruht auf Nitrosierung und der anschließenden Bestimmung der Farbtiefe des Farbproduktes des Nitrosoderivates von BHA im alkalischen Medium.Es wurden die optimalen Bedingungen der Reaktion ermittelt, die Beständigkeit und ihre Eignung für die colorimetrische Bestimmung. Die Methode gehorcht dem Lambert-Beer-Gesetz bis zu einer Konzentration von 1 mg BHA in 25 ml. Die ausgearbeitete und vorgeschlagene Methode wurde durch die Analyse von Modellmustern im reinen Zustand, ebenso wie durch die Analyse der Modellmuster nach der Zugabe von BHA in Fett und Öl bestätigt. In allen Fällen ergab diese Methode gute und reproduzierbare Ergebnisse.Im Vergleich mit den bisher angewendeten Methoden ist sie weitaus schneller, denn eine Bestimmung dauert ungefähr nur 1 Std, und sie ist mit leicht zugänglichen Chemikalien bei Verwendung normaler Laboreinrichtungen durchführbar. Andere Antioxydantien, die zum Schutz der Öle und Fette verwendet werden, stört nur NDGA bei der Bestimmung. Dieser Einfluß kann jedoch mit geeigneten Extraktionsmethoden beseitigt werden (14).Mit der vorgeschlagenen Methode kann man 0,05 mg BHA in 25 ml mit einer Genauigkeit von ±5% sicher bestimmen.     

Causal attributions, affect, and expectations for a day's work performance.

Two studies were conducted to explore the relationships between perceived job performance, causal attributions, employee affect, and expectations for a day's work. In both studies, causal categories derived from previous attribution research were found to correspond with employee job explanations. However, results somewhat inconsistent with previous laboratory studies were obtained.     

A Note on Exact Algorithms for Vertex Ordering Problems on Graphs

In this note, we give a proof that several vertex ordering problems can be solved in O ^∗(2 ⁿ ) time and O ^∗(2 ⁿ ) space, or in O ^∗(4 ⁿ ) time and polynomial space. The algorithms generalize algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem by Held and Karp (J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 10:196–210, 1962) and Gurevich and Shelah (SIAM J. Comput. 16:486–502, 1987). We survey a number of vertex ordering problems to which the results apply.     

Technology and properties of a vector hall sensor

Symmetrical four-sided 12-μm-high pyramids with 30°-tilted sides were revealed by the etching of semi-insulating (1 0 0) GaAs substrates in 1H₃PO₄:×H₂O₂:8H₂O at 25 °C via sacrificial 0 0 1-oriented Ti/GaAs/AlAs (100/2000/100 nm) etching mask patterns. The pyramids, MOCVD overgrown with InGaP/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure pyramids, were used as the base for magnetic field vector sensors. Each sensor consisted of three Hall probes defined on the sides of a pyramid. The device processing was realized via AZ5214-E layers deposited conformally over the pyramids by draping from water surface. While the planar reference 5×5-μm²-sized Hall probes exhibited a sensitivity of 930 VA⁻¹T⁻¹ at 298 K, the sensitivity of those on the 30°-tilted facets was impossible to determine because they had a resistance of 100 kΩ at 298 K. Further work is necessary to optimize the InGaP/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure growth and dopant incorporation on the 30°-tilted pyramidal facets.     

Branch and Recharge: Exact Algorithms for Generalized Domination

In this paper we present branching algorithms for infinite classes of problems.     

Sharp Separation and Applications to Exact and Parameterized Algorithms

Many divide-and-conquer algorithms employ the fact that the vertex set of a graph of bounded treewidth can be separated in two roughly balanced subsets by removing a small subset of vertices, referred to as a separator. In this paper we prove a trade-off between the size of the separator and the sharpness with which we can fix the size of the two sides of the partition. Our result appears to be a handy and powerful tool for the design of exact and parameterized algorithms for NP-hard problems. We illustrate that by presenting two applications.