Performance Analysis of a HT-PEMFC System with 6FPBI Membranes Doped with Cross-Linkable Polymeric Ionic Liquid

In this paper, a high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) system using fluorine-containing polybenzimidazole (6FPBI) composite membranes doped with cross-linkable polymer ionic liquid (cPIL) is developed and studied. The reliability of the model is verified by a comparison with the experimental data. The performance of the HT-PEMFC system using 6FPBI membranes with different levels of cPIL is analyzed. The results show that when the HT-PEMFC uses 6FPBI membranes with a cPIL content of 20 wt % (6FPBI-cPIL 20 membranes), the single cell power density is 4952.3 W·m−2. The excessive cPIL content will lead to HT-PEMFC performance degradation. The HT-PEMFC system using the 6FPBI-cPIL 20 membranes shows a higher performance, even at higher temperatures and pressures, than the systems using 6FPBI membranes. In addition, the parametric study results suggest that the HT-PEMFC system should be operated at a higher inlet temperature and hydrogen pressure to increase system output power and efficiency. The oxygen inlet pressure should be reduced to decrease the power consumption of the ancillary equipment and improve system efficiency. The proposed model can provide a prediction for the performance of HT-PEMFC systems with the application of phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes.     

Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 β-Glucan Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Disruption of Intestinal Epithelium in Weaned Pigs

To explore the protective effect of dietary β-glucan (BGL) supplementation on intestinal epithelium exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), thirty-two weaned pigs were assigned to four groups. Pigs were fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing 500 mg/kg BGL, and were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results showed BGL supplementation had no influence on growth performance in weaned pigs. However, BGL supplementation increased the absorption of D-xylose, and significantly decreased the serum concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BGL significantly increased the abundance of the zonula occludens-1-(ZO-1) in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL supplementation also increased the number of S-phase cells and the number of sIgA-positive cells, but significantly decreased the number of total apoptotic cells in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). Moreover, BGL significantly increased the duodenal catalase (CAT) activity and the ileal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, BGL significantly decreased the expression levels of critical inflammation related proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the jejunal and ileal mucosa upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also elevated the propanoic acid content and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the colon upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). These results suggested BGL could alleviate the ETEC-induced intestinal epithelium injury, which may be associated with suppressed inflammation and improved intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, as well as the improved intestinal macrobiotic.     

Prognostic Value,Immune Signature,and Molecular Mechanisms of the PHLDA Family in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Background: Increasing evidence supports the belief that the pleckstrin homology domain family A (PHLDA) family is associated with the development of a variety of cancers. However, the function of the PHLDA family members in PAAD is still unclear. Methods: Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses using R (version 3.6.3), Cytoscape (version 3.9.1), UALCAN, etc., were performed to study the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic value, immune features, and functional mechanisms of the PHLDA family members in PAAD. Results: The PHLDA family members showed significantly elevated expression in PAAD compared with paracancerous or normal tissues. Their high expression or amplification were significantly correlated with worse clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in PAAD patients. In addition, the role of the PHLDA family members in the immune regulation is diverse and complex. Mechanistically, TP53 mutations were significantly associated with the promoter methylation and expression levels of the PHLDA family members, which were activated in multiple oncogenic pathways, including the EMT, RAS/MAPK, and TSC/mTOR pathways. Moreover, we found that their expression levels were significantly correlated with the sensitivity of multiple traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and novel targeted MEK1/2 inhibitors. Conclusion: The PHLDA family members play an oncogenic role in the development of PAAD and might serve as new biomarkers or therapeutic targets.     

Cyt-C Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Oocyte Apoptosis in Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is involved in sex change in M. albus. However, the apoptotic signaling pathway is unclear. In the current study, we explored the underlying mechanism of apoptosis during gonadal development and focused on the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in sex change in M. albus. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis in gonads at five sexual stages and ovary tissues exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro. Then the expression patterns of key genes and proteins in the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway were examined. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the early intersexual stage and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that bax, tnfr1, and calpain were mainly expressed in the five stages. ELISA demonstrated that the relative content of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) in the mitochondrial pathway was significantly higher than that of caspase8 and caspase12, with a peak in the early intersexual stage, while the levels of caspase8 and caspase12 peaked in the late intersexual stage. Interestingly, the Pearson’s coefficient between cyt-c and the apoptosis rate was 0.705, which suggests that these factors are closely related during the gonadal development of M. albus. Furthermore, the cyt-c signal was found to be increased in the intersexual stage by immunohistochemistry. After incubation with H₂O₂, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pathway molecules such as bax, apaf-1, and caspase3 increased in ovary tissues. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may play a more important role than the other apoptotic pathways in sex change in M. albus.     

Precision Killing of Sinoporphyrin Sodium-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy against Malignant Tumor Cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has significant advantages in the treatment of malignant tumors, such as high efficiency, minimal invasion and less side effects, and it can preserve the integrity and quality of the organs. The power density, irradiation time and photosensitizer (PS) concentration are three main parameters that play important roles in killing tumor cells. However, until now, the underlying relationships among them for PDT outcomes have been unclear. In this study, human malignant glioblastoma U-118MG and melanoma A375 cells were selected, and the product of the power density, irradiation time and PS concentration was defined as the total photodynamic parameter (TPP), in order to investigate the mechanisms of PS sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated PDT (DVDMS-PDT). The results showed that the survival rates of the U-118MG and A375 cells were negatively correlated with the TPP value in the curve, and the correlation exactly filed an e-exponential function. Moreover, according to the formula, we realized controllable killing effects of the tumor cells by randomly adjusting the three parameters, and we finally verified the accuracy and repeatability of the formula. In conclusion, the establishment and implementation of a newly functional relationship among the PDT parameters are essential for predicting PDT outcomes and providing personalized precise treatment, and they are contributive to the development of PDT dosimetry.     

A Single Amino Acid Substitution in MIL1 Leads to Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice

Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development, and the chloroplasts of mil1-1 leaves were disrupted. Reactive oxygen species were found to accumulate in mil1-1 leaves. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were observed in mil1-1 leaves, indicating that the cells in the spots of mil1-1 leaves experienced programmed cell death. Most agronomic traits decreased in mil1-1, suggesting that the growth retardation in mil1-1 caused reduced per-plant grain yield. However, the mutation of MIL1 activated the expression of pathogen response genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. The MIL1 gene was cloned using the positional cloning approach. A missense mutation 751 bp downstream of ATG was found in mil1-1. The defects of mil1-1 were able to be rescued by delivering a wild-type MIL1 gene into mil1-1. MIL1 encoded hydroperoxide lyase 3 (OsHPL3), and the expression of OsHPL3 was induced via hormone and abiotic stresses. Our findings provide insights into the roles of MIL1 in regulating programmed cell death, development, yield, and defense responses in rice.     

我国稀土产业现状及发展趋势(上)

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。本文以河南某稀土及伴生萤石资源为研究对象,依据工艺矿物学和小型选矿实验所得的研究结果,进行了处理量为60 kg/h的扩大连续实验。通过化学分析、AMICS镜下鉴定等分析手段发现,该原矿样品中主要有用元素REO含量为1.53%,CaF₂含量为18.22%,稀土选别目标矿物为氟碳铈矿和氟碳钙铈矿;采用“稀土、萤石混合浮选-稀土、萤石分离”的工艺对矿石中的稀土、萤石进行回收,实验室小型实验取得了良好指标。在此基础上,对原矿样品进行了扩大连续实验,最终获得了REO品位52.54%、回收率51.15%的稀土精矿和CaF₂品位94.76%、回收率60.80%的萤石精矿,精矿产品指标良好,扩大实验结果较为理想,初步实现了稀土伴生萤石的综合回收利用,有助于为企业生产提供技术支撑,有助于为同类型稀土及共伴生资源矿床的综合开发利用提供依据。     

基于低秩张量图学习的不完整多视角聚类

传统多视角聚类都基于视角完备假设, 要求所有样本的视角信息完整, 不能处理存在部分视角缺失情形下的不完整多视角聚类任务. 为解决该问题, 提出一种基于低秩张量图学习的不完整多视角聚类方法. 为了恢复相似图中缺失视角所对应的样本关联信息, 该方法将低秩张量图约束和视角内在图保持约束融入到多视角谱聚类模型. 通过在一个统一模型中同时挖掘视角间的互补信息和视角内未缺失样例的关联信息, 所提出的方法能够得到表征样例邻接关系的完整相似图和视角间一致的最优聚类指示矩阵. 与12种不完整多视角聚类方法进行实验对比, 实验结果表明所提出的方法在多种视角缺失率下的5个数据集上获得了最好的聚类性能.     

长抽短压通风下综掘工作面粉尘分布特征研究

综掘工作面呼吸性粉尘浓度时空场函数研究是粉尘防治和尘肺预警的基础。分析了综掘工作面呼吸性粉尘浓度监测关键点, 提出呼吸性粉尘浓度传感器测点布置方案;以关键监测点的呼吸性粉尘浓度传感器实测数据作为实时来源, 对比剖析了距离加权反比法和克里金法的优缺点, 建立了一种扩展的空间插值算法;归纳半变异理论, 将呼吸性粉尘浓度变化的时间维度和空间维度引入到半变异函数中, 得到一种呼吸性粉尘时空场算法, 建立综掘工作面呼吸性粉尘浓度时空场函数模型;最后, 以河南新桥煤矿2502工作面作为对象, 以滤膜称重法为标准, 对时空场函数进行了试验验证。结果发现: 在综掘工作面司机5~10 m、端头回风侧10~15 m区域内的呼吸性粉尘浓度较高且变化较剧烈, 而在回风侧15 m后方呼吸性粉尘浓度开始逐步趋于平稳降低;综掘工作面呼吸性粉尘浓度时空场函数模型计算结果相对误差为±14.8%, 比克里金法小±10.8%, 比距离加权反比法小±22.4%。研究结果表明, 综掘工作面呼吸性粉尘浓度时空场函数模型将时间维度和空间维度纳入了权重系数中, 构建的时空场函数模型能更好地提高插值计算的精度, 提升去特异值点的能力。

     

1 300 MPa级超高强钢临界粗晶热影响区组织和韧性

采用热模拟和显微金相、显微硬度检测等技术研究了1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度、冷却时间t_8/5对其焊接热影响区粗晶区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢奥氏体化开始温度A_c1为710 ℃,奥氏体化结束温度A_c3为820 ℃;随着t_8/5的增大,热影响区粗晶区的组织由全部为板条马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体+板条马氏体的混合组织,再转变为全部粒状贝氏体组织,最终转变为贝氏体 + 珠光体 + 铁素体组织;随着t_8/5的增大,显微硬度从500 HV5逐渐降至250 HV5,而试验钢母材硬度值范围为502～523 HV5,因此在t_8/5较大时,即在较大的焊接热输入条件下,1 400 MPa级低合金超高强钢软化现象严重,焊接过程应严格控制焊接热输入。