Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame‐retardant agents for flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb₂O₃ through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retardant mechanisms were studied through the char yield test, SEM, quantitative analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The thermal degradation in air of flexible PVC treated with the above compounds was studied by thermal analysis from ambient temperature to 800°C. The results showed that tin compounds such as ZHS and ZS could be used as a highly effective flame retardant for flexible PVC, and it appears that the tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1469–1475, 2005     

幂律流体三维脉动流场数值模拟

利用ANSYS软件，模拟了振动诱导单螺杆挤出机熔体输送段中非牛顿幂律流体的三维脉动流场，得到了三维脉动流场的瞬时速度分布及螺槽中物料的流动轨迹。结果表明，在脉动流场作用下，非牛顿流体的瞬时速度响应与在驱动壁面上所施加的正弦形式的脉动驱动形式不同，横螺槽方向的环流中心位置受幂律指数影响，且发生周期性改变。振动的引入使得在相同的时间内，物料的流动路程增加，且可增大物料的平均停留时间，有利于改善混合效果。     

Effect of Counterions on Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica by the Route of Template

Mesoporous silica materials with ordered hexagonal and parallel-arranged pore channel have been synthesized using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide as a template and Na₂SO₄ as counterions. Their ordered mesostructures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis. The effects of Na₂SO₄ concentration on variations of morphology, specific surface area, and pore size were discussed; the results show that a high concentration of Na₂SO₄ induces the formation of crystal threads with a "tubules-within-tubule" structure, and also leads to mesoporous silica materials with spherical, fabaceous, sheet-like, or prismatic shapes. The results also show that a high concentration of Na₂SO₄ can make the pore size decrease, but cannot change pore wall thickness, demonstrating the stability of the hexagonal-shaped pores.     

Photocross-linking of low-density polyethylene. III. Supermolecular structure studied by SALS

The supermolecular structure of photocross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been studied by small-angle light scattering (SALS). The data show that the spherulitic structure of XLPE gradually deteriorates with increasing degree of cross-linking and increasing irradiation temperature from well-developed spherulites to rodlike aggregates and disordered lamellar structures. A photocross-linked sample of PE has lower crystallinity, smaller crystallites, and smaller spherulites than does the original sample. At high degrees of cross-linking, the SALS patterns show little or no spherulitic structure. Results with photocross-linked polyethylene demonstrate that the overall effect of cross-linking on the morphological structure is similar to that of an increase in molecular weight of the polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Photoinitiated crosslinking of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers and characterization of related properties

Photoinitiated crosslinking of EVA in the presence of benzophenone (BP) as photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as crosslinker and characterization of the related properties have been studied by gel determination, heat extension, DSC, DMTA, TGA, and mechanical measurements. The photoinitiated crosslinking efficiency of the EVA‐BP‐TAIC system and various factors affecting the crosslinking process, such as photoinitiator and crosslinker and their concentrations, irradiation temperature, and irradiation atmosphere were studied in detail and optimized by comparison of gel contents. The results show that the EVA samples with a thickness of 1 mm are readily crosslinked to a gel content of above 80% with 5 s UV‐irradiation under optimum conditions. The data from the heat extension and DSC show that the crosslinking density of photocrosslinked EVA increase and their crystallinities decrease with increasing the UV‐irradiation time. At the same time, photocrosslinking of EVA leads to a lowering of the melt temperature and a decrease of heat of fusion. The DMTA results show that photocrosslinking increases the amorphous phase and storage modulus of the crosslinked EVA, but does not change the glass transition temperature. The data from TGA and mechanical tests give evidence that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of photocrosslinked EVA samples are much better than those of the uncrosslinked EVA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1761–1767, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Low-temperature catalytic combustion of methane over MnO x –CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts: Effect of preparation method

The effect of preparation method on MnO _x –CeO₂ mixed oxide catalysts for methane combustion at low temperature was investigated by means of BET, XRD, XPS, H₂-TPR techniques and methane oxidation reaction. The catalysts were prepared by the conventional coprecipitation, plasma and modified coprecipitation methods, respectively. It was found that the catalyst prepared by modified coprecipitation was the most active, over which methane conversion reached 90% at a temperature as low as 390 °C. The XRD results showed the preparation methods had no effect on the solid solution structure of MnO _x –CeO₂ catalysts. More Mn⁴⁺ and richer lattice oxygen were found on the surface of the modified coprecipitation prepared catalyst with the help of XPS analysis, and its reduction and BET surface area were remarkably promoted. These factors could be responsible for its higher activity for methane combustion at low temperature.     

Application of ACO algorithm in protein structure prediction

The hydrophobic-polar (HP) lattice model is an important simplified model for studying protein folding. In this paper, we present an improved ACO algorithm for the protein structure prediction. In the algorithm, the "lone"ethod is applied to deal with the infeasible structures, and the "oint mutation and reconstruction"ethod is applied in local search phase. The empirical results show that the presented method is feasible and effective to solve the problem of protein structure prediction, and notable improvements in CPU time are obtained.     

蓄能器在全液压注塑机的应用以及节能效果研究

为了节约传统液压注塑机液压阀溢流损耗能量,对传统的全液压注塑机的油路进行改造,加入自行研制的蓄能器节能模块;对改造完成的节能注塑机进行能耗测试并与未改造的传统注塑机进行能耗比较,发现蓄能器模块加入液压注塑机后的整机能耗有明显降低,能实现预期的节能降耗目的;在不同的塑化注射压力下、不同的塑化背压下、不同保压时间下,对节约能耗数据进行测量分析,并从机理上分析能耗数据的差异,研究蓄能器模块使液压注塑机能耗降低的原因.     

基于改进型类间方差分割的红外目标提取算法

文章对最大类间方差法进行了改进,利用计算图像类间方差的约束条件,通过构造罚函数,把求最大类间方差问题转换为求带约束条件的函数最优解问题,再用迭代法对图像进行分割,从而有效地弥补了最大类间方差法对图像噪音和目标大小敏感不足。仿真实验结果表明,该方法效果良好。     

一种高效的电子政务系统的设计与应用

计算机网络技术的出现,全球信息化改变着人们的生活方式,世界各国高度重视发展电子政务,它是一个国家及城市竞争力水平的标志之一.在这样严峻的社会形势下,建立一个高效的电子政务系统是十分必要的.首先,分析了建立电子政务系统的必要性、特点、功能;然后,提出了电子政务系统的体系模型,设计出了功能结构图和网络结构图,详细地描述了方案思路;最后,把此模型应用到商洛市旅游行业中,经过调查数据研究分析,政务系统的出现给旅游业带来巨大的变化,整个城市的经济、影响力大幅度上升.