一种需求响应参与下风电储能系统调度方法的研究

针对风电并网对电力系统稳定性的不利影响,论文将储能系统和需求响应引入含风电的电网优化调度中.首先以系统最低发电成本为调度目标,以日前预测和实时风能预测作为随机变量,将需求响应和储能系统分别引入需求侧和发电侧,同时通过两阶段调度,构建风电储能系统的两阶段调度优化模型.其次利用粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解.应用场景分析的结构表明,所提调度方法采用粒子群优化算法可以较好求得模型的全局最优解;通过储能系统和需求响应的引入可以提高主动配电网的风电利用效率,降低发电成本.     

Reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution of reaction sintered <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>-BN

Hexagonal boron nitride ceramic (h-BN) based on the nitridation of B powders was obtained by reaction sintering method. The effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resultant products were investigated and the reaction mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the reaction between B and N₂ occurred vigorously at temperatures ranging from 1 000 °C to 1 300 °C, which resulted in the generation of t-BN. When the temperature exceeded 1 450 °C, transformation from t-BN to h-BN began to occur. As the sintering temperature increased, the spherical particles of t-BN gradually transformed into fine sheet particles of h-BN. These particles subsequently displayed a compact arrangement to achieve a more uniform microstructure, thereby increasing the strength.     

不同头型高速射弹垂直入水数值模拟

为研究不同射弹头型对高速射弹垂直入水的流体动力和流场特性的影响,采用有限体积法和VOF(volume of fluid)多相流模型,并引入动网格技术,对5种不同头型的轴对称高速射弹垂直入水过程进行了数值模拟,分析了头型对空泡形态演化过程、射弹流体动力及弹道特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,头型对射弹入水空泡形态、表面闭合时间以及入水阻力、深度、速度均有较大影响.球头与截球头空泡半径小于其余3种头型,表面闭合时刻依平头、球头、锥头、截锥头的顺序递增.射弹头部均承受较大压力,球头、截球头射弹头部压力分布不均使之承受较大的剪切力.射弹头部流线型越好,入水速度衰减越慢,入水深度增加越快.入水阻力系数峰值按平头、截球头、截锥头、锥头、球头的顺序递减.     

超空泡航行体加速段控制设计

为研究超空泡航行体在加速阶段动力学建模及稳定控制设计问题,根据空泡截面独立膨胀原理研究了空泡形态及其轴线的偏移,并考虑了空泡记忆效应、重力、空化器定向效应及航行体攻角的影响.采用细长体理论计算了超空泡航行体各区域的流体动力,建立超空泡航行体加速段纵平面内运动数学模型,设计了基于输入输出精确线性化的深度跟踪控制器,并对此进行数学仿真.仿真结果表明:控制器跟踪效果良好;滑行力在极短时间内变为零,有利于提高航行体的稳定性及减小部分沾湿区的摩擦阻力.     

Trajectory Simulation for Underwater Vehicle with Power-Lunched

The motion of combustion gas bubble produced by underwater ignition was developed based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Combining the bubble motion equation with the underwater launched vehicle motion equation in the longitudinal plane, a trajectory simulation model with power-launched was established. The hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater ignition at different depths and the trajectory analysis of the underwater vehicle with power-launched were given by simulation. The simulation results have a good agreement with experimental results, and show that the thrust peak caused by underwater ignition and the stable thrust both decrease slightly with the increase of the water depth, and the thrust peak will decline obviously by enlarging the initial radius of gas bubble; the thrust peak generated at the instant of ignition and the low-frequency oscillation of the stable thrust have no significant influence on the trajectory of underwater vehicle.     

锦屏一级拱坝黏弹性工作性态反演分析

针对锦屏一级拱坝历年1 880 m高水位稳定期坝体向下游侧位移持续增大的异常变形性态,基于现场位移监测数据和坝体混凝土徐变试验数据,对该拱坝当前运行性态进行了反演分析。结果表明:坝体目前处于黏弹性工作状态,监测发现的短期趋势性变形是由水压荷载作用下黏弹性滞后变形效应和年周期环境温降效应所共同引起。混凝土黏弹性力学参数之间具有较好的线性关系,基于弹性水压分量反演得到的坝体混凝土弹性模量实际是瞬时弹性模量与延迟弹性模量的等效值,对于锦屏一级拱坝,该反演值为35.5 GPa,与前期反演值和试验值较为接近;而基于黏弹性水压分量反演得到的广义Kelvin模型中瞬时弹性模量、2延迟弹性模量和2黏滞系数分别为47.3 GPa、189.4 GPa、132.3 GPa、383.8 GPa·d和20 574.6 GPa·d。建议今后对锦屏一级拱坝建立变形监控模型时,应在HST模型中引入黏弹性滞后水压分量。     

贵州地区粉煤灰种类对长龄期砂浆力学性能与孔隙率的影响

为了区别不同电厂Ⅱ级粉煤灰对长龄期砂浆性能的影响作用,采用贵州地区常见的4种粉煤灰（鸭溪、大方、六盘水和都匀Ⅱ级粉煤灰）,探索各粉煤灰对长龄期砂浆力学性能、孔隙率、吸水率和微观形貌的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰等质量替代水泥后,有利于提高长龄期砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度,最大分别增大了94.6%和52.1%（鸭溪）、71.6%和49.5%（大方）,100.0%和92.0%（六盘水）以及51.8%和47.6%（都匀）;粉煤灰的掺量越大,砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度的增加速率越大,孔隙率的降低幅度越大,分别为29.7%（六盘水）、40.0%(鸭溪)、28.7%（都匀）和34.9%（大方）,同时,4种粉煤灰砂浆的最大吸水率分别降低了21.6%（六盘水）、44.0%(都匀)、39.8%（鸭溪）和38.9%（大方）;综合分析发现,养护1 000 d后,粉煤灰仍主要发挥填充作用和火山灰效应,其中活性较低的粉煤灰仍以填充作用为主。     

基于手势的交互式三维场景并行光线跟踪绘制研究

利用光线跟踪可以绘制出高质量的真实感场景画面,但计算量很大,难以实现实时交互式绘制.为此,三维真实感场景的实时交互式绘制往往需要用到集群,但集群的绘制速度是由绘制速度最慢的节点决定的,如果节点之间的任务没有被划分均匀,集群的绘制效率就会下降.为了满足实时交互式绘制的要求、提高集群的绘制效率,设计了在粗粒度和细粒度两个层次上同时实现并行计算的集群绘制系统,并针对集群的负载均衡问题提出了基于像素递归深度的负载均衡方法.该方法首先统计出每个像素的递归深度从而得到整个场景的递归深度图,然后对上一帧按递归深度进行均衡划分.根据连续两帧所对应的场景具有的时空相关性,上一帧的划分结果可作为下一帧划分的依据.本算法的优势在于能够快速实现三维动态场景下的集群负载均衡.实验表明,该集群绘制系统可以高效地实现基于Kinect的实时交互式绘制.     

黄酒类黑精的提取、成分及光谱特性研究

为进一步揭示黄酒的褐变机理,将不同年份黄酒进行乙醇丙酮分级沉淀、超滤、冷冻干燥,分别得到3个类黑精组分(MWCO1 000),对其总氮含量、总糖含量、骨架肽段氨基酸组成、UVVis和FT-IR吸收光谱进行了研究。结果表明:黄酒陈化过程中,类黑精的总氮含量增加,总糖含量减少,说明游离氨基酸等氨基化合物逐渐参与类黑精形成,糖类参与生成羰基或二羰基中间体,并进一步与蛋白质骨架结合形成类黑精;其骨架肽段氨基酸组成的变化表明脯氨酸最具类黑精形成活性;其UV-Vis光谱呈现典型的"尾巴模式",紫外区有强吸收,吸光度随波长增大而逐渐减小;FT-IR光谱表明黄酒类黑精存在显著的酰胺Ⅰ带和糖类特征吸收带,酰胺Ⅱ带及Ⅲ带几乎消失表明其肽段骨架因Maillard反应改变了部分结构。     

Collapse mechanism of deep tunnels with three-centered arch cross section

The possible collapse of different circumstances is derived with the help of the limit analysis theory.Analytical equations related to collapsing mechanisms in deep tunnel with smooth three-centered arc cross sections are derived on the basis of Hoek-Brown failure criterion and upper bound limit analysis.The pore water pressure is considered in the analysis,as a work rate of external force.Numerical results about the shape of detaching curve and the weight of collapsing block per unit length corresponding to different parameters are obtained with the help of mathematical software.The shapes of collapsing block are drawn with respected to different parameters.Furthermore,the effects of different parameters on the shape of detaching curve and the weight of the collapsing block are discussed.