A new fuzzy rule based algorithm for estimating software faults in early phase of development

Estimation of reliability and the number of faults present in software in its early development phase, i.e., requirement analysis or design phase is very beneficial for developing reliable software with optimal cost. Software reliability prediction in early phase of development is highly desirable to the stake holders, software developers, managers and end users. Since, the failure data are unavailable in early phase of software development, different reliability relevant software metrics and similar project data are used to develop models for early software fault prediction. The proposed model uses the linguistic values of software metrics in fuzzy inference system to predict the total number of faults present in software in its requirement analysis phase. Considering specific target reliability, weightage of each input software metrics and size of software, an algorithm has been proposed here for developing general fuzzy rule base. For model validation of the proposed model, 20 real software project data have been used here. The linguistic values from four software metrics related to requirement analysis phase have been considered as model inputs. The performance of the proposed model has been compared with two existing early software fault prediction models.     

Set-based particle swarm optimization with status memory for knapsack problem

Set-based particle swarm optimization (S-PSO) operates on discrete space. S-PSO can solve combinatorial optimization problem with high quality and is successful to apply to the large-scale problem. In S-PSO, a velocity is a set with possibility and a position is a candidate solution. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm of set-based particle swarm optimization with status memory (S-PSOSM) to decide the position based on the previous position for solving knapsack problem. Some operators are redefined for S-PSOSM. S-PSOSM is a simple algorithm because the state of probability reduces. In addition, the weight of S-PSOSM is discussed. S-PSOSM shows high qualities in experimental results.     

Study on stiffness visualization and safety control based on will-consensus building for tele-palpation robot system

This paper proposes a method for visualizing the stiffness of a soft object in a palpation-support information system by the teleoperation of a robot hand. It is important that a palpation system display a body’s shape and stiffness. In our method, the stiffness of the contact area between the soft object and the robot finger is estimated by a recursive least-squares method with forgetting factor that uses an impedance dynamics model. With the estimated stiffness and direction of contact force, we calculate the scalar parameter for visualization of stiffness. Moreover, we propose a safety control method for the palpation system, which is part of a tele-control method based on will-consensus building. The system configuration, estimated algorithm, and experimental results are presented.     

Agent-based modeling of collaborative interaction in ubiquitous learning environment using local dynamic behavior

This paper focuses on modeling collaborative interaction in Ubiquitous Learning Environment (ULE) based on the assumption that the collaborative interaction can be perceived through interpersonal interactions, which can be described as local dynamic behaviors of the team. In this paper, the collaborative interaction is collected from the experiment with 50 students having 5 members per team. Then the collaborative interaction is coded with 16 participation shift (P-shifts) from 5 different types of turns including turn receiving, turn claiming, turn usurping, turn continuing, and turn noreturning to represent the participation status of each member. Three types of participation statuses used in this paper are the contributor, the target and the unaddressed recipient. Then the discovered local dynamic behavior is used for constructing the model by using agent-based modeling. The model consists of student agents working together according to the discovered behavior. Then, the constructed model is verified by comparing the actual behavior with the simulated behavior. Finally, the comparison result shows that the constructed model can reasonably be the model for modeling collaborative interaction in ULE.     

Parallelized fusion visualization system

The speed-up of supercomputers has increased the complexity of simulations. To analyze such kind of data, we believe that new types of visualization software are needed. Therefore, we have been developing a visualization system called “Fusion Visualization”, and the progresses were reported in the AROB 18th and 19th International Symposiums. We introduced the overall concept at the AROB 18th International Symposium, and then demonstrated a sample of flow visualization in a blood vessel in the AROB 19th International Symposium. To extend our system to enable the handling of larger data, we have implemented the proposed system on a parallelized visualization system; AVS/Express PCE (Parallel Cluster Edition). This paper describes the implementation and the benchmark results.     

New time-varying fuzzy sets based on a PSO midpoint of the universe of discourse

The paper presents a robust parallel distributed compensation(PDC) fuzzy controller for a nonlinear and certain system in continuous time described by the Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy model. This controller is based on a new type of time-varying fuzzy sets(TVFS). These fuzzy sets are characterized by displacement of the kernels to the right or left of the universe of discourse, and they are directed by a well-defined criterion. In this work, we only focused on the movement of midpoint of the universe. The movements of this midpoint are optimized by particle swarm optimization(PSO) approach.     

PID controller tuning for a multivariable glass furnace process by genetic algorithm

Standard genetic algorithms (SGAs) are investigated to optimise discrete-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, by three tuning approaches, for a multivariable glass furnace process with loop interaction. Initially, standard genetic algorithms (SGAs) are used to identify control oriented models of the plant which are subsequently used for controller optimisation. An individual tuning approach without loop interaction is considered first to categorise the genetic operators, cost functions and improve searching boundaries to attain the desired performance criteria. The second tuning approach considers controller parameters optimisation with loop interaction and individual cost functions. While, the third tuning approach utilises a modified cost function which includes the total effect of both controlled variables, glass temperature and excess oxygen. This modified cost function is shown to exhibit improved control robustness and disturbance rejection under loop interaction.     

Fuzzy clustering with learnable cluster-dependent kernels

We propose a new relational clustering approach, called Fuzzy clustering with Learnable Cluster-dependent Kernels (FLeCK), that learns the underlying cluster-dependent dissimilarity measure while seeking compact clusters. The learned dissimilarity is based on a Gaussian kernel function with cluster-dependent parameters. Each cluster’s parameter learned by FLeCK reflects the relative intra-cluster and inter-cluster characteristics. These parameters are learned by optimizing both the intra-cluster and the inter-cluster distances. This optimization is achieved iteratively by dynamically updating the partition and the local kernel. This makes the kernel learning task takes advantages of the available unlabeled data and reciprocally, the categorization task takes advantages of the learned local kernels. Another key advantage of FLeCK is that it is formulated to work on relational data. This makes it applicable to data where objects cannot be represented by vectors or when clusters of similar objects cannot be represented efficiently by a single prototype. Using synthetic and real data sets, we show that FLeCK learns meaningful parameters and outperforms several other algorithms. In particular, we show that when data include clusters with various inter- and intra-cluster distances, learning cluster-dependent parameters is crucial in obtaining a good partition.     

Approximate variational inference based on a finite sample of Gaussian latent variables

Variational methods are employed in situations where exact Bayesian inference becomes intractable due to the difficulty in performing certain integrals. Typically, variational methods postulate a tractable posterior and formulate a lower bound on the desired integral to be approximated, e.g. marginal likelihood. The lower bound is then optimised with respect to its free parameters, the so-called variational parameters. However, this is not always possible as for certain integrals it is very challenging (or tedious) to come up with a suitable lower bound. Here, we propose a simple scheme that overcomes some of the awkward cases where the usual variational treatment becomes difficult. The scheme relies on a rewriting of the lower bound on the model log-likelihood. We demonstrate the proposed scheme on a number of synthetic and real examples, as well as on a real geophysical model for which the standard variational approaches are inapplicable.