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51.
Exercise training-induced changes in sensitivity to endothelin-1 and aortic and cerebellum lipid profile in rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Latorre E Morán M Aragonés MD Saborido A Fernández I Delgado J Catalán RE Megías A 《Lipids》2002,37(1):43-52
The purpose of this work was to study whether exercise training induces changes in the lipid profile of rat aorta and nervous
system and in the in vitro intrinsic responsiveness of these tissues to endothelin-1 (ET-1) treatment. The exercise program performed successfully produced
the characteristic metabolic alterations of the trained state. Exercise training induced a large and significant increase
in the levels of both aortic ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlasEtn) and glucosylceramides. In contrast, a decrease of aortic
ceramide and cholesterol levels was evoked by exercise training. ET-1 increased PlasEtn content only in sedentary animals.
An exercise-induced increase in cerebellum levels of ceramides and ceramide monohexosides was found. The cerebellum ceramide
content was increased by FT-1 more noticeably in sedentary rats than in trained animals. In contrast, cerebral cortex was
observed to be largely insensitive to both exercise training and ET-1 treatment. It was concluded that exercise training (i)
induces changes in both vascular and cerebellar lipid profiles, the former being much more pronounced than the latter, and
(ii) diminishes the aortic and cerebellar sensitivity to ET-1 action. 相似文献
52.
The effect of hygrothermal aging on a particle‐filled, epoxy‐based adhesive was studied using a gravimetric sorption technique. This study has explored moisture sorption characteristics as well as the associated behaviors of swelling and the depression of the glass transition temperature (Tg). We observed that the diffusion of water in this adhesive has a non‐Fickian behavior, and the depression of Tg proceeds to a definite value that is independent of the final equilibrium water content of the system. Our observations suggest that water diffuses into the polymer in a dual‐sorption mode, in which water resides in two populations. In one population, water is considered to occupy apparent free volume of the adhesive, and the second population water infiltrates polymer structure and forms hydrogen‐bonded clusters. Our results show that hygrothermal aging temperature and swelling do not alter the apparent free volume of this adhesive. We conclude that the constant value of Tg depression at saturation implies that only water in the apparent free volume is responsible for the Tg depression, whereas the swelling proceeds through the formation of hydrogen bonds in the adhesive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1436–1444, 2003 相似文献
53.
A. Brandolin C. Sarmoria A. Ltpez‐Rodríguez K. S. Whiteley B. Del Amo Fernandez 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2001,41(8):1413-1426
We develop a mathematical model able to describe the complete molecular weight distributions of polyethylene and elhylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers obtained in high pressure autoclave reactors. We apply probability generating function definitions to the mass balances of radical and polymer species in the reacting medium. We use three different definitions of probability generating functions, each one directly applicable either to the number, weight or chromatographic distributions. These probability generating functions are numerically inverted to obtain the corresponding calculated molecular weight distribution. The capabilities of two different inversion methods are compared. Predictions are compared with experimental data obtained in an industrial reactor; good agreement is obtained. The approach presented here is applicable to other types of polymerization reactors and post‐polymerization processes. 相似文献
54.
Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) data for medium rough rice grain, Lido variety were obtained by equilibrating rice samples at different Equilibrium Relative Humidities (ERH) and Temperatures. The employed models to fit the data were GAB, modified Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey, Modified Henderson, and modified Oswin. The data were evaluated using the standard error of moisture content, mean relative standard error (%P) of the model and the correlation coefficient r2. The GAB model by indirect regression described the EMC the best, however its parameters lacked of physical meaning. The modified Chung-Pfost and modified Henderson equations presented a similar fit of the EMCERH relationships. The modified Chung-Pfost equation had lower residual values than the modified Henderson equation and was considered the best model to explain the EMC-ERH relationships. 相似文献
55.
Daniela Russo Patrícia Valent?o Paula B. Andrade Eloy C. Fernandez Luigi Milella 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(8):17696-17718
The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of leaf methanol extracts of fourteen Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) landraces and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities that could lead to the finding of more effective agents for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (˙NO) and superoxide (O2˙−) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, whereas antidiabetic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. To understand the contribution of metabolites, phytochemical screening was also performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) system. Among all, methanol extract of PER09, PER04 and ECU44 landraces exhibited the highest relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). ECU44 was found to be rich in 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and 3,5-di-O-CQA and displayed a good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, showing the lowest IC50 values. Flavonoids, instead, seem to be involved in the AChE and BChE inhibition. The results of this study revealed that the bioactive compound content differences could be determinant for the medicinal properties of this plant especially for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. 相似文献
56.
Ronald G. Pinnick Steven C. Hill Paul Nachman J. David Pendleton Gilbert L. Fernandez Michael W. Mayo 《Aerosol science and technology》2013,47(4):653-664
We have constructed a laser-based particle counter that detects the fluorescence, as well as the elastic scattering, from individual airborne particles as they traverse a laser beam. This fluorescence particle counter (FPC) can detect fluorescence from μm-sized Bacillus subtilis spore agglomerates when illuminated with intense light at 488 nm from an argon ion laser, either ~ 0.7 kW cm?2 extracavity or ~ 50 kW cm?2 intracavity. We suspect that flavins in the spores are the molecules primarily responsible for the fluorescence, because the peak fluorescence emission of the biological materials at this excitation wavelength is in the range 530–550 nm, which is characteristic of flavins. Fluorescence from kaolin, hematite, and polystyrene particles was not detectable; the lack of fluorescence indicates that the FPC may be able to differentiate between biological and nonbiological aerosols. The FPC samples aerosol-laden air at a rate of ~ 1 mL s?1, and is capable of measuring aerosol concentrations up to several thousand per milliliter. The FPC may be helpful in detecting and characterizing airborne bacteria and other airborne particles of biological origin. 相似文献
57.
58.
A large number of data on mobility and mass have been newly obtained or reanalyzed for clusters of a diversity of materials, with the aim of determining the relation between electrical mobility (Z) and mass diameter d m = (6m/ π ρ ) 1/3 (m is the particle mass and ρ the bulk density of the material forming the cluster) for nanoparticles with d m ranging from 1 nm to 6.5 nm. The clusters were generated by electrospraying solutions of ionic liquids, tetra-alkyl ammonium salts, cyclodextrin, bradykinin, etc., in acetonitrile, ethanol, water, or formamide. Their electrical mobilities Z in air were measured directly by a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) of high resolution. Their masses m were determined either directly via mass spectrometry, or assigned indirectly by first distinguishing singly (z = 1) and doubly (z = 2) charged clusters, and then identifying monomers, dimers, … n-mers, etc., from their ordering in the mobility spectrum. Provided that d m > 1.3 nm, data of the form d m vs. [z(1+m g /m) 1/2 /Z)] 1/2 fall in a single curve for nanodrops of ionic liquids (ILs) for which ρ is known (m g is the mass of the molecules of suspending gas). Using an effective particle diameter d p = d m + d g and a gas molecule diameter d g = 0.300 nm, this curve is also in excellent agreement with the Stokes-Millikan law for spheres. Particles of solid materials fit similarly well the same Stokes-Millikan law when their (unknown) bulk density is assigned appropriately. 相似文献
59.
M. Guadalupe Rodríguez‐Delgado Isaura G. Yáñez‐Flores Saul Sánchez‐Valdes Oliverio S. Rodriguez‐Fernandez Rebecca Betancourt‐Galindo Tomas Lozano‐Ramirez Eduardo Ramirez‐Vargas Hortencia Ortega‐Ortiz 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2013,130(4):2713-2721
Hydrogel silver nanocomposites have been used in applications with excellent antibacterial performance. Acrylic acid (AA)/itaconic acid (IA) hydrogels silver nanocomposites were prepared and applied as a coating on a textile substrate. Hydrogel matrices were synthesized first by the polymerization of an AA/IA aqueous (80/20 v/v) solution and mixed with 2‐2‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamide) diclorohydrate and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide until the hydrogel was formed. Silver nanoparticles were generated throughout the hydrogel networks with an in situ method via the incorporation of the silver ions and subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride. Cotton (C) and cotton/polyester (CP) textile fibers were then coated with these hydrogel silver nanocomposites. The influence of these nanocomposite hydrogels on the properties of the textile fiber were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance), scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and antibacterial tests against Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The better conditions, in which no serious aggregation of the silver nanoparticles occurred, were determined. It was proven that the textiles coated with hydrogels containing nanosilver had an excellent antibacterial abilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2713–2721, 2013 相似文献
60.
Catherine J. Andersen Christopher N. Blesso Jiyoung Lee Jacqueline Barona Dharika Shah Michael J. Thomas Maria Luz Fernandez 《Lipids》2013,48(6):557-567
We recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk-free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol-accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12-week moderate carbohydrate-restricted (25–30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL-cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL-triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL-C, resulting in increases in HDL-CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL-C in MetS. 相似文献