Glyceryl trinitrate preparation (Suscard Buccal) causes caries and changes to the denture base material

Angina is the most common symptom of ischaemic heart disease and is frequently treated by the administration of nitrates. These three cases highlight dental sequelae of prolonged administration of sustained-release glyceryl trinitrate applied to the oral mucosa.     

Antibody-mediated neutralization of human rhinovirus 14 explored by means of cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography of virus-Fab complexes

The structures of three different human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14)-Fab complexes have been explored with X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy procedures. All three antibodies bind to the NIm-IA site of HRV14, which is the beta-B-beta-C loop of the viral capsid protein VP1. Two antibodies, Fab17-IA (Fab17) and Fab12-IA (Fab12), bind bivalently to the virion surface and strongly neutralize viral infectivity whereas Fab1-IA (Fab1) strongly aggregates and weakly neutralizes virions. The structures of the two classes of virion-Fab complexes clearly differ and correlate with observed binding neutralization differences. Fab17 and Fab12 bind in essentially identical, tangential orientations to the viral surface, which favors bidentate binding over icosahedral twofold axes. Fab1 binds in a more radial orientation that makes bidentate binding unlikely. Although the binding orientations of these two antibody groups differ, nearly identical charge interactions occur at all paratope-epitope interfaces. Nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that Fab17 and Fab12 are from the same progenitor cell and that some of the differing residues contact the south wall of the receptor binding canyon that encircles each of the icosahedral fivefold vertices. All of the antibodies contact a significant proportion of the canyon region and directly overlap much of the receptor (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1]) binding site. Fab1, however, does not contact the same residues on the upper south wall (the side facing away from fivefold axes) at the receptor binding region as do Fab12 and Fab17. All three antibodies cause some stabilization of HRV14 against pH-induced inactivation; thus, stabilization may be mediated by invariant contacts with the canyon.     

Preparation and antimicrobial assessment of 2-thioether-linked quinolonyl-carbapenems

This reports the synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial properties of a series of 2-thioether-linked quinolonyl-carbapenems. Although the title compounds exhibited broad spectrum activity, the MICs were generally higher than those observed for selected benchmark carbapenems, quinolonyl-penems, and quinolones. Enzyme assays suggested that the title compounds are potent inhibitors of penicillin binding proteins and inefficient inhibitors of bacterial DNA-gyrase. Uptake studies indicated that the new compounds are not substrates for the norA encoded quinolone efflux pump.     

Characterization of renal response to prolonged immersion in normal man

During the initial phase of spaceflight, there is a translocation of fluid from the lower parts of the body to the central vascular compartment with a resultant natriuresis, diuresis, and weight loss. Whether this natriuresis and diuresis result in the attainment of a new steady state or whether the circulatory adjustment is incomplete is the subject of continuing controversy. Because water immersion is regarded as an appropriate model for studying the redistribution of fluid that occurs in weightlessness, we carried out an immersion study of relatively prolonged duration in order to characterize the temporal profile of the renal adaptation to central hypervolemia. Twelve normal male subjects underwent an immersion study of 8-h duration in the sodium-replete state. Immersion resulted in marked natriuresis and diuresis which were sustained throughout the immersion period. The failure of that natriuresis and diuresis of immersion to abate or cease despite marked extrcellular fluid volume contraction as evidenced by a mean weight loss of -2.2 +/- 0.3 kg suggests that central blood volume was not restored to normal and that some degree of central hypervolemia probably persisted.     

Bell's palsy (prevention and treatment)

The effectiveness of a variety of the most popular methods used for treatment Bell's paralysis is analyzed on a great number (1168 patients) of cases. It has been found that the results of the treatment are predetermined primarily by the gravity of the facial nerve affection. No convincing dependence of the treatment effect on the disease etiology was noted, except cases of Bell's paralysis of vascular etiology, the outcome of which was worse. A less favourable outcome was also observed in patients over 60 years of age and in cases of paralysis relapses. Of the methods of treating Bell's paralysis tested by the authors it was early use of perineural injections of hydrocortisone and novocaine in combination with the traditional methods (etiotropic, resorptive, and restorative means, electrotherapy, exercises) that proved to be the most efficacious. On the basis of the follow-up study of 676 patients recommendations on the treatment of residual phenomena of Bell's paralysis and on preventing the latter's relapses are given.