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71.
72.
Optimal ensemble construction via meta-evolutionary ensembles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we propose a meta-evolutionary approach to improve on the performance of individual classifiers. In the proposed system, individual classifiers evolve, competing to correctly classify test points, and are given extra rewards for getting difficult points right. Ensembles consisting of multiple classifiers also compete for member classifiers, and are rewarded based on their predictive performance. In this way we aim to build small-sized optimal ensembles rather than form large-sized ensembles of individually-optimized classifiers. Experimental results on 15 data sets suggest that our algorithms can generate ensembles that are more effective than single classifiers and traditional ensemble methods. 相似文献
73.
Limnological features of Funil Reservoir (R.J., Brazil) and indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans of the zooplankton community 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Christina W. C. Branco Maria-Isabel A. Rocha Gláucia F. S. Pinto Gisele A. Gômara Rodrigo De Filippo 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2002,7(2):87-92
Funil Reservoir receives inflow from a highly industrialized region and acts as a natural sink to pollutants. Among the consequences of the uncontrolled nutrient loading is the constant presence and periodic heavy blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa . This study verified limnological features and zooplankton assemblage of the Funil Reservoir focusing on the environmental-indicator properties of rotifers and cladocerans. The summer bloom of M. aeruginosa caused reductions in water transparency, nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations and raises in chlorophyll a , pH, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand values. All zooplankton species presented spatial and temporal variations with the exception of the copepods, which were present in all samples. According to canonical correspondence analysis, ammonium was the variable most related to zooplankton variability and different Rotifera and Cladocera assemblages indicated distinct environment conditions. Rotifer taxa associated with increases of water temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were found with high densities during M. aeruginosa blooms. Species of rotifer and cladocerans are suggested as indicators that can be used to identify different physical and chemical gradients or eutrophic increases in Funil Reservoir. 相似文献
74.
Filippo Lanubile 《Empirical Software Engineering》1997,2(2):97-108
Technology evaluation is part of the decision-making process of any software organization. Unlike conventional wisdom, empirical
evaluation strives to avoid biased conclusions by relying on observation and looking for pitfalls in the evaluation process.
In this paper, we provide a summary of the maintenance studies presented in the session ‘Study and assessment of (new) technologies’
of the International Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software Maintenance (WESS '96), and also report on the working group
discussion which focused on common problems and open issues in the field of technology evaluation. These empirical studies
are then classified according to a multi-dimensional framework to synthesize the state of the research in technology evaluation
and ultimately discover interesting patterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
75.
This article presents the system WHY, which learns and updates a diagnostic knowledge base using domain knowledge and a set of examples. The a priori knowledge consists of a causal model of the domain that states the relationships among basic phenomena, and a body of phenomenological theory that describes the links between abstract concepts and their possible manifestations in the world. The phenomenological knowledge is used deductively, the causal model is used abductively, and the examples are used inductively. The problems of imperfection and intractability of the theory are handled by allowing the system to make assumptions during its reasoning. In this way, robust knowledge can be learned with limited complexity and a small number of examples. The system works in a first-order logic environment and has been applied in a real domain. 相似文献
76.
77.
The empirical investigation of Perspective-Based Reading 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Victor R. Basili Scott Green Oliver Laitenberger Filippo Lanubile Forrest Shull Sivert Sørumgård Marvin V. Zelkowitz 《Empirical Software Engineering》1996,1(2):133-164
We consider reading techniques a fundamental means of achieving high quality software. Due to the lack of research in this area, we are experimenting with the application and comparison of various reading techniques. This paper deals with our experiences with a family of reading techniques known as Perspective-Based Reading (PBR), and its application to requirements documents. The goal of PBR is to provide operational scenarios where members of a review team read a document from a particular perspective, e.g., tester, developer, user. Our assumption is that the combination of different perspectives provides better coverage of the document, i.e., uncovers a wider range of defects, than the same number of readers using their usual technique.To test the effectiveness of PBR, we conducted a controlled experiment with professional software developers from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL). The subjects read two types of documents, one generic in nature and the other from the NASA domain, using two reading techniques, a PBR technique and their usual technique. The results from these experiments, as well as the experimental design, are presented and analyzed. Teams applying PBR are shown to achieve significantly better coverage of documents than teams that do not apply PBR.We thoroughly discuss the threats to validity so that external replications can benefit from the lessons learned and improve the experimental design if the constraints are different from those posed by subjects borrowed from a development organization. 相似文献
78.
Girardin Fabien Calabrese Francesco Fiore Filippo Dal Ratti Carlo Blat Josep 《Pervasive Computing, IEEE》2008,7(4):36-43
Novel methods and tools are being developed to explore the significance of the new types of user-related spatiotemporal data. This approach helps uncover the presence and movements of tourists from cell phone network data and the georeferenced photos they generate. 相似文献
79.
The use of a general correlation, proposed for organic liquid thermal conductivity λ prediction and checked in the case of organic refrigerant fluids, is extended to inorganic refrigerant fluids whose λ decreases when the reduced temperature, Tr, increases. Suggestions are given for the refrigerants fluids whose λ increases with the reduced temperature. 相似文献
80.
Filippo Romanato Husen Kartasasmita Kang Kwang Hong Lee Gianluca Ruffato Mauro Prasciolu Chee Cheong Wong 《Microelectronic Engineering》2009,86(4-6):573-576
Nonlinear processes involved in the manufacture of nominally sinusoidal surface relief diffraction gratings generated by interference lithography can introduce distortions into the profile of these surfaces. Such distortions may dramatically affect both the specular reflectivity and diffracted efficiencies from such a surface [H. Raether, Phys. Thin Film 9 (1977) 145–261]. We shall consider in particular the case of metallic gratings used to investigate plasmonic effects that can be engineered for bio-sensing applications. To investigate these effects, interference lithography (IL) has been used for the generation of profile controlled sinusoidal plasmonic crystals. IL exposure contrast study has been performed to control the amplitude oscillation and the surface roughness quality. Bi-metallic layer of silver and gold have been systematically deposited with different film thicknesses. A comprehensive numerical model that studies the optical coupling to surface plasmon polaritons on Ag/Au gratings has been undertaken for the simulation of the reflectivity and azimuthal angle dependence [Z. Chen, I.R. Hooper, J.R. Sambles, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 (1) (2008) 015007]. This computation illustrates the sensitivity of individual features to specific harmonic components of the surface, for surface plasmon resonances recorded in both the zeroth and higher diffracted orders. The roughness surface control after development and after bi-metallic evaporation strongly contributes to tighten the width of the reflectivity peak. Optimization process has shown that for an Ag (37 nm) and Au (7 nm) metallic bilayer, a semi-amplitude of 20 nm provides the best reflectivity. 相似文献