Immune system function in patients with acute pyelonephritis

In the process of batch cultivation the strains under study are capable of prolonged growth at low temperature in rich and poor nutrient media (with the term of observation equal to 4 months), while at a temperature of 37 degrees C microbial populations quickly die (in 8-35 days). In the absence of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in the nutrient medium, Listeria can proliferate under such conditions. As established with the use of gas chromatography and the radioisotopic method, they can uptake carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen from the air gas mixture, using carbon of the first gas for the synthesis of the main biopolymers (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA and RNA) and the second one as the source of energy. During the cultivation of Listeria at low temperature in poor nutrient media (soil microecosystems, synthetic mineral media) they are capable of preserving and under favorable conditions also increasing their virulence. Its increase is facilitated by capsule formation, mobility, chemotaxis, adhesion and invasion enhancing under such conditions.     

Nichtlineare Signalverarbeitung für die Sprachkommunikation

This paper provides an elementary introduction to problems and methods of nonlinear signal processing and presents on overview of recent developments in this field. An important topic is the modeling and processing of one-dimensional signals as exemplified in simple voice communication systems. The interplay and integration of deterministic and nondeterministic approaches is illustrated with recent research findings.     

Tryptase mediates hyperresponsiveness in isolated guinea pig bronchi

Hyperresponsiveness of airway smooth muscle to allergens and environmental factors has long been associated with the pathophysiology of asthma. Tryptase, a serine protease of lung mast cells, has been implicated as one of the mediators involved in the induction of hyperresponsiveness. As a consequence, tryptase inhibitors have become the subject of study as potential novel therapeutic agents for asthma. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a naturally occurring protein of human airways which exhibits anti-tryptase activity. To assess the potential therapeutic utility of SLPI in asthma, its effects were evaluated using in vitro and ex vivo models of airway hyperresponsiveness and compared with the effects of the small molecule tryptase inhibitor APC-366. Our results demonstrate that SLPI inhibits tryptase-mediated hyperresponsiveness in vitro and attenuates the hyperresponsiveness observed in airway smooth muscle from antigen-sensitized animals subjected to antigen exposure. The small molecule tryptase inhibitor APC-366 has a similar inhibitory effect. Thus, tryptase appears to be a significant contributor to the development of hyperresponsiveness in these models. To the extent that tryptase contributes to the development and progression of asthma, SLPI may possess therapeutic potential in this disease setting.     

Serum concentrations of sICAM-1, sE-, sP- and sL-selectins in patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and association with disease severity

Increased serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1, CD54) and of soluble E- (CD62E), but not soluble P- (CD62P) and L- (CD62 L) selectins, were detected in Malagasy patients living in an hyperendemic focus of Schistosoma mansoni. Levels of sICAM-1 remained elevated for several months after treatment with praziquantel. Serum levels of ICAM-1, but not of other markers, were significantly correlated with the disease severity, as indicated by ultrasonographical data, and with some circulating fibrosis markers (at least hyaluronic acid). sICAM-1 level may reflect endothelial inflammatory reactions, probably harmful, in the liver and may be useful for monitoring morbidity evolution in schistosomiasis mansoni.     

Chemoprevention of pulmonary carcinogenesis by aerosolized budesonide in female A/J mice

This investigation is part of a continuing effort to develop effective chemoprevention for carcinogenesis of the lung. The present study explores the use of aerosol administrations for this purpose. The agent selected for initial study was the synthetic glucocorticoid budesonide. This selection was based on previous work in which budesonide added to the diet was found to inhibit pulmonary adenoma formation in female A/J mice. However, high dose levels were required, i.e., of the order of 300 microg/kg, of body weight [L. W. Wattenberg and R. D. Estensen, Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 18: 2015-2017, 1997]. For aerosol administration of budesonide, a nose-only technique has been developed that entails nebulization of the compound dissolved in ethanol and subsequent stripping off of the solvent (less than 3 microl ethanol/liter of air remaining at the site of inhalation). The budesonide particles produced by the apparatus had a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 microm. An experiment has been carried out in which the inhibitory effects of aerosolized budesonide, given for 1 min six times a week, were studied. Concentrations of budesonide of 26, 81, and 148 microg/liter of air (calculated doses of 23, 72, and 126 microg/kg of body weight) were used. The aerosols were started 1 week after three oral administrations of benzo(a)pyrene (2 mg/20 g of body weight) to female A/J mice. All three doses of budesonide resulted in more than 80% inhibition of pulmonary tumor formation compared to the aerosol control and 90% or greater compared to mice not exposed to aerosol. The difference in inhibition is due to the aerosol procedure itself, which produces a reduction in tumor formation. A decrease in splenic weight (evidence of a systemic effect) occurred at all doses of budesonide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published effort at the use of aerosol administration to prevent neoplasia of the respiratory tract. The results of the present study show that administration of a potential chemopreventive agent by aerosol at a low dose can inhibit the occurrence of pulmonary carcinogenesis in female A/J mice.     

Internet-Telefonie — Ein Überblick

Voice telephony in the internet is of increasing importance since more than one year. The reason is the availability of powerful voice codecs operating on a personal computer and of new application software products. Interworking Units between the public telephone network and the internet are acelerating this trend. This article is giving an overview of history, technology, standards and future prospects of this new type of voice telephony.