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排序方式: 共有266条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The commercial success of the German Federal Ministry's materials research program “Mafto” (1985–1994) was recently evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the direct-funding model in supporting innovative industrial research. Based on the results of a questionnaire, where a 97% return rate was achieved, it was found that the results obtained in 27% of the projects have already been commercialized to some degree, for 26% of the projects a commercialization of the results is planned but has not yet taken place, and for 54% of the projects no commercialization is planned. This study included only projects where at least four years had elapsed since project completion. The reasons why scientifically and technically successfully projects were not commercialized were also surveyed. 相似文献
2.
Xin Sun Qiang Lu Moroz V. Takeuchi H. Gebara G. Wetzel J. Shuji Ikeda Changhwan Shin Tsu-Jae King Liu 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2008,29(5):491-493
A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control). 相似文献
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Experimental results from step stimulation of the two major dynamic components in ocular vergence showed that while fusional covergence dominated a coordinated binocular vergence movement, accomodative convergence always contributes to the dynamic response. A quantitative analysis of component dynamics, both in isolation and during coordinated movements, indicates that these components are additive at least through a portion of the movement. Two alternative hypotheses are presented for the role of accommodative convergence during the period immediately following a binocular vergence movement. 相似文献
5.
In the dry milling of wheat flour, each unit process (roller mill, purifier, sifter, etc.) produces a mixture with varying amounts of wheat endosperm and non-endosperm byproducts. Chemical images with 82 000 pixels of each intermediate product stream issuing from an individual processing machine are readily analyzed in terms of the relative amount of endosperm and non-endosperm. Approximately three minutes is required to produce an image of each intermediate product stream. Applying partial least squares (PLS) chemometric software to identify individual pixels, which enables calculation of the relative amount of endosperm and non-endosperm, is not a time-limiting factor. When relative flow rates are known for each stream, mass balance can be calculated from each intermediate stream in terms of the product (endosperm content) and the lower value non-endosperm byproduct. Data is presented from a purifier in a commercial flour mill. Intermediate streams collected from a run with optimized operational parameters were compared to those of another run before adjustment. The endosperm (product) mass balance profile for each run enabled assessment of operational efficiency. The devised chemical imaging analysis system would be particularly useful in commissioning of a new mill or to optimize existing wheat milling systems. Also, when raw material differs from that for which previous optimization was established, a new optimization may be in order. The ability to acquire a large number of spectra from a specimen and apply multivariate statistics to identify each pixel and subsequently count pixels accommodates heterogeneity and reports the results from averaging a very large number of individual spectra. A second illustration of the utility of the imaging method is presented centering on streams from the first and second break unit operations at the beginning of the roller mill process. 相似文献
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Networks containing both flexible segments and rigid structures were synthesized on the basis of bisphenol A novolacs and diglycidylether of butanediol using imidazole as an accelerator. A stoichiometric ratio between epoxy groups and phenolic groups of the novolacs leads to networks with methylene bridges as network junctions. In contrast to this, the same reaction with bisphenol A leads to completely soluble products. The glass transition temperature of this soluble material is considerably lower than the glass transition temperature of the networks. Increasing content of methylene bridges in the novolacs leads to an increase of the glass transition temperature of the networks and to a decrease of the δcp value at the glass transition. Furthermore, epoxy excess leads to networks with rubber-structure of the bisphenol A novolac used in the reaction with the diglycidylether. It was found that conformations with intramolecular hydrogen bondings exist between phenolic hydroxyl groups, which considerably influence the reactivity of the novolac with the epoxy group. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
8.
Christoph Gutsche Andrey Lysov Ingo Regolin Kai Blekker Werner Prost Franz-Josef Tegude 《Nanoscale research letters》2011,6(1):65
In this letter, n-type doping of GaAs nanowires grown by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy in the vapor–liquid–solid growth mode on (111)B GaAs substrates is reported. A low growth temperature of 400°C is adjusted in order to exclude shell growth. The impact of doping precursors on the morphology of GaAs nanowires was investigated. Tetraethyl tin as doping precursor enables heavily n-type doped GaAs nanowires in a relatively small process window while no doping effect could be found for ditertiarybutylsilane. Electrical measurements carried out on single nanowires reveal an axially non-uniform doping profile. Within a number of wires from the same run, the donor concentrations N D of GaAs nanowires are found to vary from 7 × 1017 cm-3 to 2 × 1018 cm-3. The n-type conductivity is proven by the transfer characteristics of fabricated nanowire metal–insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor devices. 相似文献
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Kiran Kousar Thomas Ljungdahl Alexander Wetzel Michael Dowhyj Hans Oskarsson Alex S. Walton Monika S. Walczak Robert Lindsay 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2020,23(1):225-234
An optimized one-pot recipe has been developed to synthesize a surfactant molecule, referred to as OMID, consisting of an imidazoline head group and aliphatic tail, which is an exemplar corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic solutions. As evidenced by gas chromatography, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier-transform infrared data, a high-purity product was achieved without the use of either a solvent or catalyst. Critical micelle concentration values and corrosion inhibition efficiencies ( η %) were determined in aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid using surface tensiometry and linear polarization resistance measurements, respectively. Hydrolysis of the imidazoline head group as a function of pH (0–11) was explored with ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. In addition, N 1s and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data were acquired from both surface-adsorbed OMID and a multilayer of the imidazoline head group of OMID. These latter data are highly relevant to those attempting to understand OMID inhibition chemistry. 相似文献