Background Checks: Series introduction

Networks dominate today's computing landscape and commercial technical protection is lagging behind attack technology. As a result, protection programme success depends more on prudent management decisions than on the selection of technical safeguards. Managing Network Security takes a management view of protection and seeks to reconcile the need for security with the limitations of technology.     

Reasoning about Knowledge: A Response by the Authors

Minds and Machines -     

Generalization to Novel Views: Universal,Class-based,and Model-based Processing

A major problem in object recognition is that a novel image of a given object can be different from all previously seen images. Images can vary considerably due to changes in viewing conditions such as viewing position and illumination. In this paper we distinguish between three types of recognition schemes by the level at which generalization to novel images takes place: universal, class, and model-based. The first is applicable equally to all objects, the second to a class of objects, and the third uses known properties of individual objects. We derive theoretical limitations on each of the three generalization levels. For the universal level, previous results have shown that no invariance can be obtained. Here we show that this limitation holds even when the assumptions made on the objects and the recognition functions are relaxed. We also extend the results to changes of illumination direction. For the class level, previous studies presented specific examples of classes of objects for which functions invariant to viewpoint exist. Here, we distinguish between classes that admit such invariance and classes that do not. We demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between the set of objects that can be discriminated by a given recognition function and the set of images from which the recognition function can recognize these objects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although functions that are invariant to illumination direction do not exist at the universal level, when the objects are restricted to belong to a given class, an invariant function to illumination direction can be defined. A general conclusion of this study is that class-based processing, that has not been used extensively in the past, is often advantageous for dealing with variations due to viewpoint and illuminant changes.     

Panic and Comorbid Anxiety Symptoms in a National Anxiety Screening Sample: Implications for Clinical Interventions.

Questionnaire data from 2,033 participants in the National Anxiety Disorders Screening Day sample were used to assess the presence of panic and comorbid anxiety problems. These participants were selected from more than 15,000 attendees on the basis of never having received treatment for a psychiatric disorder and meeting screening criteria for panic disorder. With each comorbid anxiety problem (generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder), participants had a corresponding increase in interference in daily living as well as readiness to seek treatment. The addition of generalized anxiety or depression with panic symptoms resulted in marked increases in interference scores. Clinical treatment implications for panic disorder are discussed in terms of the effects of comorbid anxiety problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

The objective of this paper is to review research conducted over the past decade on the application of multi-temporal remote sensing for monitoring changes of Arctic tundra lands. Emphasis is placed on results from the National Science Foundation Land-Air-Ice Interactions (LAII) program and on optical remote sensing techniques. Case studies demonstrate that ground-level sensors on stationary or moving track platforms and wide-swath imaging sensors on polar orbiting satellites are particularly useful for capturing optical remote sensing data at sufficient frequency to study tundra vegetation dynamics and changes for the cloud prone Arctic. Less frequent imaging with high spatial resolution instruments on aircraft and lower orbiting satellites enable more detailed analyses of land cover change and calibration/validation of coarser resolution observations.The strongest signals of ecosystem change detected thus far appear to correspond to expansion of tundra shrubs and changes in the amount and extent of thaw lakes and ponds. Changes in shrub cover and extent have been documented by modern repeat imaging that matches archived historical aerial photography. NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) time series provide a 20-year record for determining changes in greenness that relates to photosynthetic activity, net primary production, and growing season length. The strong contrast between land materials and surface waters enables changes in lake and pond extent to be readily measured and monitored.     

Computer-aided procedures for subdivision design and evaluation

Design and management of residential subdivisions are described using a case study in Regina, Saskatchewan. Capital, operation and maintenance costs of physical services and fuel costs for intra-subdivision trips are compared for four subdivision layouts using the procedures. The solar superblock layout is the lowest subdivision layout. Future procedures to assist subdivision design engineers and planners are summarized.     

The electronic spreadsheet as a didactic learning enhancement

A variety of quantitative techniques (such as capital budgeting or linear programming) may be understood more fully by students when they are able to work through relatively simple applications of the techniques by hand. Unfortunately, such manual computations are inherently susceptible to arithmetic errors. The authors propose that students use the electronic spreadsheet to work out these types of problems during their initial learning stage. An advantage of the electronic spreadsheet for this purpose is the automatic calculation of data by the program thereby eliminating the usual arithmetic errors. As long as appropriate formulas are correctly entered into the spreadsheet, the results should be correct.The method presented by the authors does not yield general solutions to capital budgeting or to linear programming problems. Rather, the methodology requires the student to think through the solution process while removing some of the usual drudgery and potential inaccuracies of manual solutions.     

家庭中的无线安全

现在,在看过论坛的大量文章之后,相信您已经对无线LAN(无线局域网,WLAN)采取了敬而远之的态度。至少,您已经对WLAN产生了怀疑——这并不是一件坏事情。Rik描述了Wep的缺陷,Corey描述了如何将无线访问点转移到DMZ中,而Dave指出应该将它们彻底地放到外面。不过,还没有人说应该完全舍弃WLAN,这是出于两个非常有说服力的理由。首先,WLAN在某些场合非常有用;其次,您完全可以不必听我们的。您已经知道WLAN在办公室的用处。但是,它在家里有什么用呢?正如许多人所指出的,“无线”的价格很便宜,而且确实行之有效(我在撰写本文时,就是通过…     

IPv4/IPv6的共存、过渡与寻址

本文从技术人员的角度对有关IP技术和IP网络的发展前景进行展望.当前的互联网正面临着从传统IPv4协议向IPv6协议的过渡,作者将着重分析过渡需求和主要的技术问题及其当前进展,以及遗留的其他课题.为了实现这一目标,还需要对互联网协议的历史、现状以及未解决的问题进行说明.     

改进缺陷,套刻和聚焦性能的第五世代浸没式曝光系统

论述了第五世代双扫描平台浸液式扫描曝光机的性能和进展。表明了在高速扫描状态下有生产价值的套刻和聚焦性能的实现。浸液式设备更多的关键部分与缺陷有关,而且该机的改进是通过有生产价值的缺陷水平方面来体现的。为了保持这种缺陷水平的改进效果,需要在圆片应用中进行专门稳定的测量。特加是边缘空泡除去(EBR)设计和圆片斜面良流线性是很重要的。