适用于汽车冷起动应用的双开关降压／升压技术

一般来说,我们采用降压升压拓扑型拓扑来解决汽车应用中的宽阔输入电压范围及冷起动需求。本文将详细解释冷起动的要求．并介绍两种不同的解决方案。其中一种是传统的SPEIC拓扑,而另一种是较新的多开关降压／升压拓扑。     

Quick guide to polyketide synthase and nonribosomal synthetase genes in Fusarium

Fusarium species produce a plethora of bioactive polyketides and nonribosomal peptides that give rise to health problems in animals and may have drug development potential. Using the genome sequences for Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. verticillioides we developed a framework for future polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptides synthetases (NRPSs) nomenclature assignment and classification. Sequence similarities of the adenylation and ketosynthase domain sequences were used to group the identified NRPS and PKS genes. We present the current state of knowledge of PKS and NRPS genes in sequenced Fusarium species and their known products. With the rapid increase in the number of sequenced fungal genomes a systematic classification will greatly aid the scientific community in obtaining an overview of the number of different NRPS and PKS genes and their potential as producers of known bioactive compounds.     

X-ray scattering studies of the generation of carbon nanoparticles in flames and their transition from gas phase to condensed phase

The dynamics of particle formation were investigated for a diffusion-like ethylene flame containing a cooling metal plate on which particles condensed. Small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques were combined to follow size- and structural changes of the soot particles using a new detector. The high dynamic range allowed continuous monitoring from the gas to the condensed phase of the gradually growing layer depositing on the plate. Different stages in the process of particle formation were observed. In addition the sub-nanometer structure of the deposited material changed rapidly as the flame was turned off. The detection system and methodology presented are of general interest since they can be further developed and applied to the study of reactive systems for materials processing in gas- and condensed phases.     

Asim: a performance model framework

The longevity and usefulness of a microprocessor performance model has historically depended on the model writer's skills and discipline. However, at Compaq the models became extremely complex and unmanageable because designers lacked a structured way to develop them. To cope with these complexities, Compaq researchers began developing Asim in late 1998 to allow model writers to faithfully represent the detailed timing of complex modern machines and effectively manage the large software projects needed to model such machines. Asim addresses these needs by providing a modular and reusable framework for creating many models. The framework's modularity helps break down the performance-modeling problem into individual pieces that can be modeled separately, while its reusability allows using a software component repeatedly in different contexts     

Membrane Engineering: Phase Separation in Polymeric Giant Vesicles

Cell membranes exhibit elaborate lipidic patterning to carry out a myriad of functions such as signaling and trafficking. Domain formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is thus of interest for understanding fundamental biological processes and to provide new prospects for biocompatible soft materials. Lipid rearrangements in lipidic GUVs and lipid/polymer GUVs are extensively studied whereas polymer/polymer hybrid GUVs remain evasive. Here, the focus is on the thermodynamically driven phase separation of amphiphilic polymers in GUVs. It is demonstrated that polymer phase separation is entropically dictated by hydrophobic block incompatibilities and that films topology can help to determine the outcome of polymeric phase separation in GUVs. Lastly, Janus‐GUVs are obtained and GUVs exhibit a single large domain by using a compatibilizing hydrophobic block copolymer.     

Inverse Produktion für nachhaltige Wertstoffkreisläufe – Aktuelle Entwicklungen zur automatisierten Demontage und Entstückung von Elektronikplatinen

At the end of the lifetime of electronic products, many of the valuable substances contained therein are still lost. These products could be selectively disassembled with modern production methods in order to win high-quality sorting fractions. The article presents approaches to these challenges of inverse production and discusses examples of current developments for the automated disassembly of electronic boards. Modern sensor and laser technology plays a key role in measurement and disassembly tasks. A dismantling and sorting line for a piece-by-piece processing of cell phones and printed circuit boards with seven interlinked machines was set up and tested at a recycling plant.