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21.
K.M. Neaupane T. Yamabe R. Yoshinaka 《International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences》1999,36(5):54
This paper describes the application of a numerical model of thermal–mechanical–fluid flow coupling system to the simulation of laboratory freezing and thawing experiments on rocks. A theoretical formulation that accommodates a linear stress–strain constitutive relationship is presented and a two-dimensional (plane stress) numerical modeling is performed based on the finite element method applied to thermo–poro–elasticity. As the primary objective of this research is to simulate the freezing and thawing process, the developed code takes into account the phase change of pore water during freezing. It is found from the numerical simulation that a relatively good prediction can be made of temperature transfer and deformation behavior within the elastic deformation limit. In some cases, however, large deformation results from the freezing processes, leading to material failure. Future research should therefore take into account irreversible and plastic effects. 相似文献
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Fumiyoshi Minami 《材料科学技术学报》2005,21(1):1-4
The relationship between Charpy absorbed energy and the fracture toughness by means of the (crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)) method was analyzed based on the Weibull stress criterion. The Charpy absorbed energy and the fracture toughness were measured for the SN490B steel under the ductile-brittle transition temperature region. For the instrumented Charpy impact test, the curves between the loading point displacement and the load against time were recorded. The critical Weibull stress was taken as a fracture controlled parameter, and it could not be affected by the specimen configuration and the loading pattern based on the local approach. The parameters controlled brittle fracture are obtained from the Charpy absorbed energy results, then the fracture toughness for the compact tension (CT) specimen is predicted. It is found that the results predicted are in good agreement with the experimental. The fracture toughness could be evaluated by the Charpy absorbed energy, because the local approach give 相似文献
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25.
The gel-size dependence of microphase separation in weakly-charged gels of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and 1-vinylimidazole (VI) copolymers has been investigated using swelling measurement, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and dynamic and static light scattering (DLS/SLS). It is known that weakly-charged polymer gels undergo microphase separation in a poor solvent as a result of competing interactions involving hydrophobic attraction versus electrostatic repulsion. The microphase separation is characterized by a scattering maximum in SANS intensity functions of which Bragg spacing, Λ, is around 20-30 nm. However, when gel size was reduced to the order of Λ, no microphase separation was observed. Instead, a typical scattering of isolated spherical particles was clearly observed. On the basis of the experimental evidence, we conclude that microphase separation has its own wavelength independent of gel size, and nanometer-order gels, i.e., nanogels, do not undergo microphase separation. 相似文献
26.
Shingo Hirano Akio Kawabata Masaru Yoshinaka Ken Hirota Osamu Yamaguchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1995,78(5):1414-1416
A compound denoted as (Ce0.75 Zr0.25 )O2 (Ce, ZrO8 ) is formed near room temperature from cerium and zirconium nitrates using hydrazine monohydrate. It has a cubic unit cell with a = 0.5342 nm. Characterization of powders heated to various temperatures at 10°C/min demonstrates that the specific surface area does not decrease below 20 mVg until >1000°C. 相似文献
27.
Shingo Hirano Masaru Yoshinaka Ken Hirota Osamu Yamaguchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(1):171-176
In the ZrO2 -Cr2 O3 system, metastable t -ZrO2 solid solutions containing up to 11 mol% Cr2 O3 crystallize at low temperatures from amorphous materials prepared by the hydrazine method. The lattice parameter c decreases linearly from 0.5149 to 0.5077 nm with increased Cr2 O3 content, whereas the lattice parameter a is a constant value ( a = 0.5077 nm) regardless of the starting composition. At higher temperatures, transformation (decomposition) of the solid solutions proceeds in the following way: t (ss)→ t (ss) + m + Cr2 O3 → m + Cr2 O3 . Above 11 mol% Cr2 O3 addition, c-ZrO2 phases are formed in the presence of Cr2 O3 . The t -ZrO2 solid solution powders have been characterized for particle size, shape, and surface area. They consist of very fine particles (15–30 nm) showing thin platelike morphology. Dense ZrO2 (3Y)-Cr2 O3 composite ceramics (∼99.7% of theoretical) with an average grain size of 0.3 μm have been fabricated by hot isostatic pressing for 2 h at 1400°C and 196 MPa. Their fracture toughness increases with increased Cr2 O3 content. The highest K Ic value of 9.5 MPa·;m1/2 is achieved in the composite ceramics containing 10 mol% Cr2 O3 . 相似文献
28.
Tadao Shibuya Masahiro Yoshinaka Futoshi Utsuno Kazuyoshi Inoue Jung J. Kim Masaaki Obata 《Thin solid films》2010,518(11):3008-3011
The electronic structural analysis of the conductive transparent films was carried out using bulk sensitive hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The In2O3-ZnO film has amorphous structure before and after annealed, and the conduction band spectrum around Fermi level showed the similar spectra with that of as-deposited amorphous In2O3 film. In these amorphous films, the conduction band minimum locates at the deeper level than the crystalline In2O3 film. The electronic state which comes from randomness of amorphous structure possibly exists around this level or below. These electrons are expected to act as scattering center. We concluded that the electron mobility depends on the density of this electronic state. 相似文献
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30.
Gyubaek An Jeong-Ung Park Mituru Ohata Fumiyoshi Minami 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2018,32(7):3145-3151
Fracture toughness of pre-strain effect was determined as a function of the temperature in structural steels of the 600 to 780 MPa class. Cyclic loading during earthquakes produces pre-strain in the component, which is enhanced at the region of strain concentration. During the Kobe Great Earthquake in 1995 in Japan, 10 to 15 % pre-strain was recorded at the beam-to-column connection. The relationship between critical CTOD and CGHAZ length was sampled by fatigue pre-crack for pre-strained HAZ, which is a significant decrease compared to that of the base metal. Furthermore, the effect of pre-strain is discussed in terms of the CTOD and Charpy impact energy of the local brittle zone. 相似文献