The "bad" left ventricle. Results of coronary surgery and effect on late survival

Between 1968 and 1971, 252 patients with severe ventricular malfunction underwent revascularization surgery. By means of single-plane ventriculography, the ventricle was divided into six segments, three anteriorly and three inferiorly, and ejection fractions were calculated. Patients were classified into four groups according to these observations. Results were assessed in regard to relief of angina, graft patency status, surgical mortality rate, and survival as determined by actuarial life-table analysis. These results were then compared to over-all medical and surgical experience contained in the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry as well as to other reported series of medical treatment for similar degrees of coronary artery disease and impairment of left ventricular function. Comparison between the surgical and medical series suggests improved survival and improved quality of life in the surgically treated patients. Thus many patients with severe ventricular malfunction, especially if associated with angina, can be reasonably considered candidates for surgery.     

Freshly frozen preserved plasma for the treatment of intravascular coagulation in polytraumatized patients

Coagulation disorders in hemorrhagic shock need not represent an isolated intravascular coagulation. They may also occur as a complex of local disseminated intravascular consumption, extravascular consumption, dilution, and reduced synthesis of coagulation factors. In the severely bleeding patient with hemorrhagic diathesis heparin is contraindicated because it does not normalize coagulability. Therefore, it fails to stop hemorrhage and shock remains untreatable. Fresh frozen plasma, however, has proved to be suitable as simultaneous substitution therapy of coagulopathy and of hypovolemic shock. 11 patients suffering from traumatic-hemorrhagic shock associated with intravascular coagulation and hemorrhagic diathesis were successfully treated with fresh frozen plasma, after conventional shock therapy had failed over a period of hours.     

Prolonged endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy in children (author's transl)

Five patients with subglottic tracheal stenosis following prolonged endotracheal intubation are reported. To minimize tracheal stenosis the indications for prolonged intubation should be well defined and tracheostomy considered as an alternative. The incidence of tracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation is stimilar to that following tracheostomy. The risk of stenosis increases with the duration of intubation, the degree of physical trauma to the laryngotracheal mucosa (suction, tube changing, restlessness), infection of the trachea or larynx, and with the age of the child. Prolonged intubation necessitates sedation and intensive care. Tracheostomy has a higher mortality but this and the risk of stenosis depend greatly on the operative technique. Particularly in cases where prolonged intubation increase the risk of tracheal stenosis, the advantages of tracheotomy become evident. Tracheostomised children rarely need sedation, the tracheobronchial tree can be easily and carefully toileted and the changing of the tube is without risk. Neither method is absolutely preferable, but the correct application of both will minimise the complication rate. The indications for each may be summarised as follows: for primary treatment of acute respiratory distress in children prolonged intubation is the treatment of choice. If after 3 days there is no chance of extubation, tracheostomy should be considered but this depends also on the child's age and behaviour, and on the laryngotracheal mucosal reaction. The younger the child the more cautiously should tracheostomy be considered. Children under 2 years of age should only be tracheostomised if there is no alternative.     

Behavior of serum alkaline during pregnancy. II. Pathological pregnancy

832 estimations of heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and of heat alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) were carried out simultaneously in late pregnant women at 25th to the 42nd weeks of pregnancy. 147 of them delivered children with normal birth-weight. All these women suffered from pre-eclampsia, hypertension or any kind of superimposed pre-eclampsia. 110 other pregnant women with or without symptoms of pre-eclampsia gave birth to small for dates babies. In addition, the values of these patients were compared with 372 estimations of the same enzymes carried out in 120 patients with normal pregnancy and outcome of normal weighted children. The site of the values of every group showed no typical correlation to the course and outcome of their pregnancy. Regarding four special criterions it was possible to give a good prediction by serial determinations for the weight of the newborn in 80 per cent of the cases. A correlation between the urinary excretion of total oestrogens as well as HLAP and the values of HSAP was to be found only in some groups of patients.     

Porcine Choroid plexus epithelial cells in culture: regulation of barrier properties and transport processes

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus are the structural basis of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-barrier. Here we summarise our recent efforts to culture those cells mainly on permeable supports in vitro. Isolated from porcine brains, we report a simple protocol for the primary culture using cytosine arabinoside as an additive that is cytotoxic for other cells except the plexus epithelial cells. Enhanced barrier properties are obtained by withdrawal of serum from the culture medium after confluency is reached. Cells improve their polarity, permeability for hydrophilic substrates is lowered, electrical resistance is increased tenfold, and a pH-gradient is built up across the cell monolayer. Polarised secretion of proteins and most importantly fluid secretion into the apical filter compartment was attained and proven to be dependent on the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Active transport processes (penicillin G, riboflavin, myo-inositol, ascorbic acid) were studied and clearly showed the involvement of the organic anion transporter. The permeability of the barrier was found to be regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Moreover, we report that cell proliferation and differentiation is controlled by components of the extracellular matrix. The present culture model could now be used as an in vitro system to quantify drug transport across the blood-CSF-barrier.     

Generation and Characterization of a New FRET-Based Ca2+ Sensor Targeted to the Nucleus

Calcium (Ca²⁺) exerts a pivotal role in controlling both physiological and detrimental cellular processes. This versatility is due to the existence of a cell-specific molecular Ca²⁺ toolkit and its fine subcellular compartmentalization. Study of the role of Ca²⁺ in cellular physiopathology greatly benefits from tools capable of quantitatively measuring its dynamic concentration ([Ca²⁺]) simultaneously within organelles and in the cytosol to correlate localized and global [Ca²⁺] changes. To this aim, as nucleoplasm Ca²⁺ changes mirror those of the cytosol, we generated a novel nuclear-targeted version of a Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Ca²⁺ probe. In particular, we modified the previously described nuclear Ca²⁺ sensor, H2BD3cpv, by substituting the donor ECFP with mCerulean3, a brighter and more photostable fluorescent protein. The thorough characterization of this sensor in HeLa cells demonstrated that it significantly improved the brightness and photostability compared to the original probe, thus obtaining a probe suitable for more accurate quantitative Ca²⁺ measurements. The affinity for Ca²⁺ was determined in situ. Finally, we successfully applied the new probe to confirm that cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic Ca²⁺ levels were similar in both resting conditions and upon cell stimulation. Examples of simultaneous monitoring of Ca²⁺ signal dynamics in different subcellular compartments in the very same cells are also presented.     

In Situ Forming Hydrogels: A Thermo‐Responsive Polyelectrolyte as Promising Liquid Artificial Vitreous Body Replacement

The use of fully synthetic polymers as a liquid artificial vitreous body replacement (LAVR) was already considered, but yet none of these polymers have proven to be successful in long term retention in the vitreous cavity due to inadequate biocompatibility and fast biodegradation. Our novel cross‐linked polyelectrolyte as a potential intraocular endotamponade shows an innovative concept of thermoresponsive behavior proposed for the first time in ophthalmologic surgery. The polyelectrolyte has been elaborated via a three‐step procedure by combining classical synthetic protocols and microwave technique. We observed that the polyelectrolyte comprising sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate and acrylic functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) macromonomer with glycerol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker displays a noticeable thermosensitive behavior. It exhibits enhancement of shear viscosity at physiological temperatures without phase separation. First in vitro experiments on a retinal ganglion cell line (RGC‐5) present a promising biocompatibility without harmful effects. Cell viability, proliferation rate, and inflammatory cascade (COX‐2 and iNOS expression) were not affected.     

小小棍扫一大片的次世代后期

HJ的刀友会 SteamlD：hjpotter。“刀龄”六年，常驻DOTA2东南亚服务器，绝对的随机萎雄派，出门钱不是853就会浑身不自在。目前努力适应新装备G9X中。     

DGEBA‐grafted polyaniline: Synthesis,characterization and thermal properties

The utilization of conducting emeraldine salt (PANI‐ES) and intrinsic leucoemeraldine polyaniline (PANI‐LEB) in the synthesis of DGEBA‐grafted PANI via anionic copolymerization is described. The structures of copolymers obtained were characterized by FTIR, ¹³C and ¹H NMR. The extent of grafting was verified by THF Soxhlet (solvent extraction). The thermal properties of these new copolymers were described and their conductivities were reported. Results obtained indicated that the graft copolymer exhibited higher electrical and thermal conductivities than that of the blend counterpart. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011