An ordered Si nanowire with NiSi2 tip arrays as excellent field emitters

A method was developed to grow ordered silicon nanowire with NiSi(2) tip arrays by reacting nickel thin films on silica-coated ordered Si nanowire (NW) arrays. The coating of thin silica shell on Si NW arrays has the effect of limiting the diffusion of nickel during the silicidation process to achieve the single crystalline NiSi(2) NWs. In the meantime, it relieves the distortion of the NWs caused by the strain associated with formation of NiSi(2) to maintain the straightness of the nanowire and the ordering of the arrays. Other nickel silicide phases such as Ni(2)Si and NiSi were obtained if the silicidation processes were conducted on the ordered Si NWs without a thin silica shell. Excellent field emission properties were found for NiSi(2)/Si NW arrays with a turn on field of 0.82 V μm(-1) and a threshold field of 1.39 V μm(-1). The field enhancement factor was calculated to be about 2440. The stability test showed a fluctuation of about 7% with an applied field of 2.6 V μm(-1) for a period of 24 h. The excellent field emission characteristics are attributed to the well-aligned and highly ordered arrangement of the single crystalline NiSi(2)/Si heterostructure field emitters. In contrast to other growth methods, the present growth of ordered nickel silicide/Si NWs on silicon is compatible with silicon nanoelectronics device processes, and also provides a facile route to grow other well-aligned metal silicide NW arrays. The advantages will facilitate its applications as field emission devices.     

反相微乳液法制备壳聚糖季铵盐/四氧化三铁复合磁性纳米粒子

以环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(ETA)为季铵化试剂,制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(QC)———N-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖,采用AgNO3电位滴定法测定了季铵化度。以柠檬酸钠为改性剂,一步法制备了水基Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子。基于静电自组装作用,采用反相微乳液法制备了QC/Fe3O4复合磁性纳米粒子。通过多种手段对所制备的复合磁性纳米粒子的结构进行了表征、对其性能进行了研究。红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的结果表明,QC主要包覆于Fe3O4的表面。透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,复合磁性纳米粒子磁核为Fe3O4晶体结构,平均粒径大约为50 nm~60 nm。VSM结果表明,所制备的复合磁性纳米粒子仍具有超顺磁性,比饱和磁化强度为19.4emu/g。     

含磺酸基的主链液晶离聚物对PBT/PE共混体系的增容增强作用

将液晶单体对苯二甲酸二-(4-羧基苯)酯(M1)与1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇和亮黄(By)合成了一种含有磺酸基的主链液晶离聚物(LCI).将LCI与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚乙烯(PE)进行熔融共混制备了PBT/PE/LCI共混物.所合成的共混物通过DSC、三维红外图像系统和拉伸试验等方法进行了热性...     

活塞式内燃机燃用沼气的研究

简要介绍了沼气的产生、成分、物理化学性能以及活塞式内燃机燃用沼气可能发生的燃烧速度慢、后燃严重、排气温度高与热负荷大等问题，提出了掺烧和快速全烧两大措施；并相应研制出沼气-柴油双燃料发动机和火花点火全沼气发动机发电机组来适应这两种燃烧方式，取得了较好效果。最后提出将沼气提纯、加压，使其性能接近压缩天然气来作为汽车燃料的方案。     

Properties of CuIn1−xGaxSe2

Polycrystalline bulk samples of CuIn_1−xGa_xSe₂ weregrown with nominal x = 0.15, 0.25 and 0.5. Mobility, conductivity and band gap were measured at room and low temperatures. Mobilities for x = 0.21 were several hundred cm² V⁻¹s⁻¹ at room temperature and for x = 0.15 were 10³ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, all n type. The band gaps were estimated from the spectra of photoelectrochemical cells at room temperature (with 8.5 K photoluminescence estimates shown in brackets), as 1.10 eV (1.14) for x = 0.21, and 1.07 eV (1.093) for x = 0.15. Crystal mechanical properties as regards cracks were not as good as for CuInSe₂, using similar growth techniques.     

Environmental-adaptive indoor radio path loss model for wireless sensor networks localization

In the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based indoor wireless sensor networks localization system, RSSI measurements are very susceptible to multipath fading, anisotropy of antenna, low supply voltage of node and so on, which will cause the system failure to achieve a high location accuracy. This paper presents an environmental-adaptive path loss model. In the process of localization, the calibrated coefficient LSV of low supply voltage, which can be determined by monitoring the supply voltage of the sender, is used to calibrate ranging errors caused by its low supply voltage. The blind node utilizes the absolute value of RSSI to generate the phase of the corresponding receiver's location so as to determine the correction coefficient of indoor multipath fading R_i. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of RSSI measurements, we also take full consideration of the effect of antenna to accurately determine the corresponding path loss model of the two communication nodes. The proposed path loss model is suitable for the majority of wireless location systems that are on the basis of RSSI-based ranging techniques. Experiment results show that the estimation accuracy and adaptability of the proposed path loss model are significantly higher than that of the traditional one.     

Effect of mixed solvents on PCDTBT:PC70BM based solar cells

We investigated the effect of solvents on the morphology, charge transport and device performance of poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₀BM) based solar cells. To carry out this investigation, chloroform and 1,2-dichlorobenzene were chosen as good solvents of the two compounds. Films prepared with chloroform exhibit larger domains than those prepared with 1,2-dichlorobenzene and their size increases with the amount of PC₇₀BM. Fine tuning of the domain size was realized by using a solvent of mixed chloroform and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. At a mixing ratio of 50%:50%, a power conversion efficiency of 6.1% was achieved on PCDTBT:PC₇₀BM (1:3) devices with an active area of 1 cm², under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) irradiation at 100 mW/cm².     

A Biocompatible Arginine‐Based Polycation

Self assembly between cations and anions is ubiquitous throughout nature. Important biological structures such as chromatin often use poly­valent assembly between a polycation and a polyanion. The biomedical importance of synthetic polycations arises from their affinity to polyanions such as nucleic acid and heparan sulfate. However, the limited biocompatibility of synthetic polycations hampers the realization of their immense potential. By examining biocompatible cationic peptides, we hypothesize that a biocompatible polycation should be biodegradable and made from endogenous cations. We design an arginine‐based biodegradable polycation and demonstrate that it is more compatible by several orders of magnitude than conventional polycations in vitro and in vivo. This biocompatibility diminishes when L ‐arginine is substituted with D ‐arginine or when the biodegradable ester linker is changed to a biostable ether linker. We believe that this design can lead to many biocompatible polycations that can significantly advance a wide range of applications including controlled release, tissue engineering, biosensing, and medical devices.     

Cu2O Nanocrystal‐Templated Growth of Cu2S Nanocages with Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles and In‐Situ Transmission X‐ray Microscopy Study

Cubic and octahedral Cu₂O nanocrystals and Au–Cu₂O core–shell heterostructures are used as sacrificial templates for the growth of Cu₂S nanocages and Au–Cu₂S core–cage structures. A rapid sulfidation process involving a surface reaction of Cu₂O nanocrystals with Na₂S, followed by etching of the Cu₂O cores with HCl solution for ≈5 sec, results in the fabrication of Cu₂S cages with a wall thickness of 10–20 nm. Transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals the formation of crystalline walls and the presence of ultrasmall pores with sizes of 1 nm or less. Formation of Cu₂O–Cu₂S core–shell structures and their conversion into Cu₂S cages is verified by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectra further confirm the composition of the cages as Cu₂S. The entire hollowing process via the Kirkendall effect is recorded using in‐situ transmission X‐ray microscopy. After shell formation, continuous ionic diffusion removes the interior Cu₂O. Intermediate structures with remaining central Cu₂O portions and bridging arms to the surrounding cages are observed. The nanocages are also shown to allow molecular transport: anthracene and pyrene penetration into the cages leads to enhanced fluorescence quenching immediately upon adsorption onto the surfaces of the encapsulated gold nanocrystals.