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排序方式: 共有336条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
21.
Toxicity assessment of common xenobiotic compounds on municipal activated sludge: comparison between respirometry and Microtox 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The toxicity of four xenobiotic compounds 3,5-dichlorophenol, formaldehyde, 4-nitrophenol and dichloromethane, representative of industrial wastewater contaminants was evaluated by a simple respirometric procedure set up on the basis of OECD Method 209 and by the Microtox bioassay. Very good reproducibility was observed for both methods, the variation coefficients being in the range of 2-10% for the respirometric procedure and 6-15% for Microtox, values that can be considered very good for a biological method. Comparison of EC(50) data obtained with the two methods shows that in both cases 3,5-dichlorophenol is more toxic than other compounds investigated and dichloromethane has a very low toxicity value. Intermediate EC(50) values were found for the two other chemicals, formaldehyde and 4-nitrophenol. Moreover, the Microtox EC(50) values are generally lower (except for dichloromethane) than the respirometric ones: these differences could be explained by the fact that the Microtox method uses a pure culture of marine species and, therefore, should not necessarily be expected to behave like a community of activated sludge bacteria. In conclusion, both methods can be usefully applied for toxicity detection in wastewater treatment plants but it is advisable to take into account that Microtox is more sensitive than respirometry in estimating the acute toxicity effect on the biomass operating in the plant. 相似文献
22.
23.
Giuseppina Puzzilli Bogdan Govoreanu Fernanda Irrera Maarten Rosmeulen Jan Van Houdt 《Microelectronics Reliability》2007,47(4-5):508
In this work, charge trapping in SiO2/Al2O3 dielectric stacks is characterized by means of pulsed capacitance–voltage measurements. The proposed technique strongly reduces the measurement time and, as a consequence, the impact of charge trapping on the measurement results. Flat band voltage shift and fast current transient during short stress pulses are systematically monitored and the centroid and the amount of the trapped charge are extracted using a first-order model. 相似文献
24.
Silvia Minardi Bruna Corradetti Francesca Taraballi Monica Sandri Jonathan O. Martinez Sebastian T. Powell Anna Tampieri Bradley K. Weiner Ennio Tasciotti 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(11):1479-1488
Scaffolds functionalized with delivery systems for the release of growth factors is a robust strategy to enhance tissue regeneration. However, after implantation, macrophages infiltrate the scaffold, eventually initiating the degradation and clearance of the delivery systems. Herein, it is hypothesized that fully embedding the poly(d,l ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide acid) microspheres (MS) in a highly structured collagen‐based scaffold (concealing) can prevent their detection, preserving the integrity of the payload. Confocal laser microscopy reveals that non‐embedded MS are easily internalized; when concealed, J774 and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) cannot detect them. This is further demonstrated by flow cytometry, as a tenfold decrease is found in the number of MS engulfed by the cells, suggesting that collagen can cloak the MS. This correlates with the amount of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α produced by J774 and BMDM in response to the concealed MS, comparable to that found for non‐functionalized collagen scaffolds. Finally, the release kinetics of a reporter protein is preserved in the presence of macrophages, only when MS are concealed. The data provide detailed strategies for fabricating three dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffolds able to conceal delivery systems and preserve the therapeutic molecules for release. 相似文献
25.
Tissue Engineering: Biomimetic Concealing of PLGA Microspheres in a 3D Scaffold to Prevent Macrophage Uptake (Small 11/2016) 下载免费PDF全文
26.
Michela Signoretto Antonella Torchiaro Anna Breda Francesco Pinna Giuseppina Cerrato Claudio Morterra 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2008,84(3-4):363-371
A series of sulphated zirconia samples (SZ) promoted with Al2O3, Ga2O3, and Fe2O3 were synthesized by co-precipitation at constant pH and aged under reflux conditions. Structural, surface and catalytic properties of the samples were investigated using N2 adsorption/desorption, thermal analysis, in-situ FTIR spectroscopy, TPR–MS and EGA–MS measurements. The catalytic performance of promoted SZ in anisole acylation has been investigated. Promotion by either Fe2O3 or Ga2O3 was found to increase the catalytic activity (yield) after recycle of catalysts with respect un-promoted sample, whereas promotion by Al2O3 was observed to increase the conversion but not the yield. It is worth noting that all systems present high selectivity to the p-metoxyacetophenone product. 相似文献
27.
In this work a high-k insulating film is deposited on the SiO2 tunnel oxide of MOS capacitors designed for non-volatile memory applications. The advantages of this approach derive from the asymmetric band diagram, which lowers the Fowler–Nordheim tunnel erase barrier, without affecting the program operation. This results in lower erase voltage and much shorter erase times. In fact, in the proposed structure the erase voltage is about 20% lower and the erase current three thousands times greater than in conventional MOS with pure-SiO2 tunnel oxide and the same equivalent oxide thickness (15 nm). At the same time, the larger physical thickness prevents from charge loss, and guarantees data retention. The goal of such device is to improve the memory performances without degrading reliability. 相似文献
28.
Righi AA Alves TR Negri G Marques LM Breyer H Salatino A 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(13):2363-2370
BACKGROUND: Chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of a sample of red propolis from the state of Alagoas (northeast Brazil) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also obtained. RESULTS: The propolis sample contained low content of narigenin‐8‐C‐hexoside, this being the first report of a C‐glycoside in propolis. The main constituent found was characterized as 3,4,2′,3′‐tetrahydroxychalcone. Other important constituents were the chalcone isoliquiritigenin, the isoflavans (3S)‐vestitol, (3S)‐7‐O‐methylvestitol, the pterocarpan medicarpin, the phenylpropenes trans‐anethol, methyl eugenol, elimicin, methoxyeugenol and cis‐asarone, and the triterpenic alcohols lupeol and α‐ and β‐ amyrins. The methanol extract exhibited high antioxidant activities by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and β‐carotene/linoleic acid assay methods, and antimicrobial activity toward Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. CONCLUSION: Structures are suggested for new substances never before seen in any kind of propolis. This is the first report of 3,4,2′,3′‐tetrahydroxychalcone and a flavone C‐glycoside in a propolis sample. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
29.
Giuseppina Adiletta Loredana Liguori Donatella Albanese Paola Russo Marisa Di Matteo Alessio Crescitelli 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2017,10(9):1631-1641
A preliminary characterization of two new soft-seeded pomegranate varieties (MR-100® and KINGDOM®) based on their main physico-chemical and nutritional parameters was reported. The two varieties showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Kingdom pomegranate had higher polyphenols (2524.73 mg GAE/L), anthocyanins (752.49 mg C3gE/L) and antioxidant activity (EC50 13.58 μL/mL) than MR-100 (1792.74 mg GAE/L, 141.29 mg C3gE/L and EC50 47.53 μL/mL, respectively). Moreover, minimally processed arils of the two varieties were packaged in semipermeable and micro-perforated film at 5 °C, and the quality changes that occurred during storage condition (15 days) were investigated. During storage, Kingdom arils exhibited a better performance in terms of antioxidant activity, polyphenols and anthocyanin content with respect to MR-100. Furthermore, the packaging systems did not affect the estimated quality parameters for both varieties. Based on the sensory evaluation and microbial counts, both aril varieties reached, at 15-day storage, suitable values for commercial purpose. 相似文献
30.
Giuseppina Rea Amina AntonacciMaya Lambreva Sandro PastorelliArianna Tibuzzi Simone FerrariDirk Fischer Udo JohanningmeierWieslaw Oleszek Teresa DoroszewskaAngela Maria Rizzo Patrizia V.R. BerselliBruno Berra Alessandra BertoliLuisa Pistelli Barbara RuffoniCarole Calas-Blanchard Jean Louis MartySimona Carmen Litescu Mirela DiaconuEleftherios Touloupakis Demetrios GhanotakisMaria Teresa Giardi 《Trends in Food Science & Technology》2011,22(7):353-366