Social-influence variations in evaluating managed and unmanaged forest areas.

The effects of using a model's ratings or the reported norms of others as social anchoring devices were compared by having Ss read a persuasive message (citing ecological benefits from thinning and slash piling forest-management techniques) as means to enhance public toleration of forestry procedures. Slides of natural, two-thirds thinned, and clearcut forest area were rated by 120 undergraduate females before and after diverse influence treatments. Both the social-anchoring options and the message increased Ss' acceptance of the managed areas. Unlike the social anchoring ploys, the message did not elevate ratings of the uncut, natural-area slides. Social-influence implications for pragmatic forest-use policy and for theory are discussed. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Career decision-making and career search activities: Relative effects of career search self-efficacy and human agency.

The nature of the relationship between 3 human agency indices (assertiveness, instrumentality, and interpersonal facility), career search self-efficacy, and 3 career indices (vocational identity, career decision needs, and career activities performed) is examined. Data from 426 college men and women were analyzed using hierarchical regression to assess whether career search self-efficacy was able to mediate the relationship between human agency and each career index. For all 3 career indices, the mediator hypothesis was supported. No support was found for human agency mediating the relationship between career search self-efficacy and the career indices, nor for human agency moderating the relationship between career search self-efficacy and career indices. Implications for conducting counseling intervention programs focusing on development of career search self-efficacy expectations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do as I do, not as I say: A behavior-analytic approach to supervision.

There is a limited amount of empirical data on how to train therapists. This article first presents limitations in commonly used training procedures. It then describes a training methodology based on contingent shaping, using video feedback to increase responsiveness to the ongoing client-therapist interactions. The approach attempts to overcome some of the problems encountered when teaching therapy by using primarily rule-governed or direct instruction. The authors describe the therapeutic approach used in this research, provide a clinical illustration of the training procedure, and discuss the role direct instruction plays in this training model. A methodology for determining whether the therapist's behavior changes as a result of training is described, as well as a method for identifying the relationship between the therapist's behavior and subsequent changes in client responding. This methodology is broadly applicable and can be empirically tested and compared with other approaches for its utility in training therapist effectiveness and changing client behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Standing-wave monomode erbium fiber laser

An integrated standing-wave, single frequency, erbium fiber laser having a laser linewidth of less than 47 kHz is reported. The monolithic fiber laser incorporated two highly reflective intracore Bragg reflectors which provide both cavity feedback and adequate longitudinal mode discrimination. The narrow linewidth single-mode operation and monolithic construction may make this a valuable communications/sensor source.<>     

Subjective memory complaints, psychological distress, and longitudinal change in objective memory performance.

Between 1992 and 1993, the Memory Function Questionnaire General Frequency of Forgetting Scale (MFQ-GEN), the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised General Severity Index (GSI), and Mayo Cognitive Factor Scales Learning and Retention (MCFS-LRN and MCFS-RET) current and change scores were obtained for 294 of 397 (74% ) participants, ages 55–97 years, originally assessed in a 1988–1990 normative study. In multiple regression modeling, the GSI and MCFS-LRN current score contributed 20% and 3%, respectively, to MFQ-GEN variance. Thus, emotional status was a better predictor of subjective memory ratings than either absolute objective memory performance or objective longitudinal memory change. Persons who developed cognitive impairment over the longitudinal interval reported greater memory problems, but memory complaints had little sensitivity in identifying these persons. In an approximate census sample of these older people, minor memory problems were reported to be frequent but not serious. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Properties of large area diamond membranes for X ray lithography

Over the past 20 years a wide variety of materials have been evaluated for use as x-ray mask support membrane. Reference 1 presents a comprehensive list of materials investigated to date. Besides x-ray and optical transparency an important requisite for a mask material is dimensional stability. Since the Young's modulus of elasticity is a measure of the atomic bond strength, the covalently bonded refractory materials such as BN or SiC, and diamond, which have large moduli, are more stable than polymers or metals. BN has been the material of choice for x-ray masks in the United States and Europe for the past 10 years; however, CVD BN contains a significant amount of hydrogen in the as-deposited state and is not sufficiently stable under prolonged x-ray exposure. On the other hand, it has been shown by nuclear reaction analysis that diamond films contain less than 1% hydrogen, despite being synthesized in a predominantly hydrogen gas mixture. The low residual hydrogen content, combined with diamond's other unique characteristics such as high mechanical stiffness and high x-ray transparency, makes it an attractive candidate for an x-ray mask material.     

Convenient synthesis of mosquito oviposition pheromone and a highly fluorinated analog retaining biological activity

A simple three-step synthesis is described for 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, the oviposition pheromone of the mosquitoCulex quinquefasciatus Say and others in that genus. An aldol condensation between 1-trimethylsilyloxycyclopent-1-ene and undecanal, followed by Baeyer-Villiger ring expansion and acetylation, gave the required compound as a 1∶1 mixture of diastereoisomers in high overall yield (>80%). This synthetic approach is readily adapted for synthesis of analogs. The heptadecafluoro compound, in which then-octyl group is replaced by perfluorooctyl, retained high biological activity.     

Analysis

This paper describes the parser, especially its mapping rule interpreter, used in KBMT-89. The interpreter is characterized by its ability to produce semantic and syntactic structures of a parse simultaneously and therefore more efficiently than other kinds of analyzers. Applicable forms of parser mapping rules, which map syntactic structures to semantic structures, are introduced. The parser, a modified version of Tomita's universal parser, is briefly described. Sample traces illustrate the functioning of the parser and mapping rule interpreter.     

The H2O?NaCl–sucrose phase diagram and applications in cryobiology

The liquidus surface of the primary ice phase field of the H₂O? NaCl–sucrose ternary system has been determined by differential thermal analysis (d.t.a.) techniques. Except in the region of high sucrose concentrations, the line of two-fold saturation bounding this field also was determined. Non-equilibrium glassy phases were formed throughout the system. The degree of metastability of these phases increases with sucrose concentration. At high sucrose levels, the metastability was such that detection of the line of two-fold saturation was precluded. In general, it was found that sucrose was less effective on a weight percent basis than dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol in depressing the melting point of primary ice and, consequently, less effective in suppressing salt concentration effects at low temperatures in the liquid phase which is residual to primary ice formation.