坝内的坝

用混凝土充填的小型钢桩支承一座84a历史的平板坝坝内的，但完全与坝分离的加固混凝土体，即所谓的坝内坝。     

Effect of antistripping additives on environmental damage of bituminous mixtures

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental damage (stripping) on the hot mix asphalt (HMA) creep behavior. To achieve this objective, 24 different HMA combinations using different mix parameters were evaluated for their resistance to static creep deformations. The mix parameters include: two types of asphalt cement, three types of aggregate gradation, and two types of antistripping additives (limestone dust and calcium stearate hydroxide). Marshall specimens were prepared at optimum asphalt contents and tested for static creep. Part of the prepared specimens were exposed to freezing–thawing conditioning according to AASHTO T283.     

Measurements of phantom scatter factors for small field sizes in high energy x rays

An alternate method to measure the phantom scatter factor in small fields is provided for high energy photon beams. The measurement technique is based on the density scaling theorem described by O'Connor [Phys. Med. Biol. 1, 352-369 (1957)]. The phantom scatter factor (Sp) is measured in balsa and cedar wood to give effective field sizes in 3 x 3 to 0.5 x 0.5 cm2 water. The extrapolated zero area phantom scatter factor from the average data of balsa and cedar is 0.45. This indicates that the variation of output is largely due to a sharp decrease in the phantom scatter factor for small field sizes.     

Increased height gain of children fed a high-protein diet during convalescence from shigellosis: a six-month follow-Up study

The impact of dietary supplementation on catch-up growth was evaluated in 69 malnourished children ages 24-60 mo after recovery from shigellosis. They were fed either a high-protein (HP) diet with 15% of energy as protein, or a standard-protein (SP) diet with 7.5% energy as protein, for 3 wk in a metabolic study ward. Children were followed up bi-weekly for 6 mo by trained health assistants when anthropometric measurements and information of any illness were collected. Thirty-one children in the HP group and 28 children in the SP group completed 6-mo follow-up. The increase in height (mean +/- SD) was 5.3 +/- 1.0 cm vs. 4.1 +/- 1.1 cm for HP and SP groups, respectively (P < 0.001), whereas increase in body weight was 1.39 +/- 0.58 and 1.29 +/- 0.72 kg for children fed HP and SP, respectively (P = 0.59). The proportion of children who were severely stunted (< -2 SD height-for-age) decreased from 45 to 29% in the HP group compared to 50 to 46% in the SP group (P < 0.05) at 6-mo follow-up. The number of diarrheal episodes per child tended to be lower in the HP vs. SP than in the SP group (1.9 vs. 2.3, P = 0.41). These results demonstrate that feeding an HP diet to the malnourished children during recovery from shigellosis enhanced linear growth with a modest reduction in diarrheal morbidity during the 6-mo follow-up period.     

Spirochetes from digital dermatitis lesions in cattle are closely related to treponemes associated with human periodontitis

Digital dermatitis (DD), first described in 1974 by Cheli and Mortellaro (R. Cheli and C. Mortellaro, p. 208-213, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Diseases of Cattle, 1974), is a major problem in diary cows and beef cattle causing significant economic losses worldwide. Lesions are typically found at the volar skin proximal to the heel bulbs. Microscopic examination of biopsies or touch preparations of these lesions revealed a variety of different bacterial morphotypes including significant numbers of spirochetes which often represent the predominant morphotype. We used comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis to determine the diversity and phylogeny of these hitherto unclassified DD spirochetes. Results indicate that those lesions looked at so far contained at least five spirochetal phylotypes, all clustering within the genus Treponema. Phylotype DDKL-4 was nearly identical (99.4% similarity) to that of a nonpathogenic human treponeme, T. phagedenis. Two phylotypes DDKL-3 and DDKL-13 were closely related to those from treponemes commonly found in human periodontitis lesions, i.e., T. denticola and T. vincetii, exhibiting 95 and 98% similarity, respectively. The other two phylotypes, DDKL-12 and DDKL-20, had no close relatives to any cultivable treponemal species but clustered to previously described group IV oral treponemes. Preliminary analysis using in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes against smears from DD biopsies revealed that from all lesions analyzed so far, T. denticola-like spirochetes were detected in the highest proportion of all spirochetal morphotypes.     

A discrete-sectional model for particle growth in aerosol reactor: Application to titania particles

A one-dimensional discrete-sectional model has been developed to simulate particle growth in aerosol reactors. Two sets of differential equations for volume and surface area, respectively, were solved simultaneously to determine the size distributions of agglomerates and primary particles. The surface area equations were derived in such a way that the coagulation integrals calculated for the volume equations could be used for the surface area equations as well, which is new in this model. The model was applied to a production of TiO₂ particles by oxidation of titanium tetrachloride. Model predictions were compared with experimental data and those of a two-dimensional sectional model. Good agreement was shown in calculated particle size distributions between the present model and the two-dimensional model, which is more rigorous but demands a large amount of computer time and memory. Compared to experimental data, the primary particle size calculated by the model was more sensitive to the variation of reactor temperature.     

Investitionsbedarf und zukünftige Bedeutung der Versorgungssicherheit in Europa und Österreich

Europe urgently needs an investment boom in the fields of power generation, transmission, and distribution. Until 2030 the current generation portfolio will de facto have to be replaced. Especially in the liberalized market environment, investors rely on a clear and uncompromising regulatory environment, which is still lacking today. The investments required will only happen, if political commitment results in easier and fast-track licensing procedures. Clearly formulated energy targets for Europe and uncompromising free market approaches at EU and national level are the key to guarantee trust in a sufficiently stable regulatory environment. They are also a prerequisite for ensuring that market signals for investments will be acted upon.     

The effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium in experimental diabetes

The effects of chronic tolbutamide treatment were examined in a diabetic animal model in which abnormal myocardial function and composition have previously been demonstrated. Eight diabetic dogs were given tolbutamide 250 mg/day orally and compared with seven untreated diabetics, five healthy dogs receiving tolbutamide, and eight normal controls. After one year, resting hemodynamic studies in the intact anesthetized state showed that treated diabetic dogs had a significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 12.1+/-1.3 mm Hg associated with normal end-diastolic volume, compared to 6.1+/-0.8 mm Hg in untreated diabetics (P less than 0.01) and 6.3+/-0.5 in normals. Stroke work and ejection fraction were similar to normals. Acute volume expansion revealed a larger rise of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in treated and untreated diabetics than normals, without a significant stroke volume response in treated diabetics. Enhanced stiffness of myocardium appeared to be related to interstitial accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining material, further intensified in treated diabetics by triglyceride accumulation observed on electron microscopy and by chemical analysis. Thus treatment of diabetes with tolbutamide, despite improved glucose tolerance, effected further reduction of left ventricular function and altered morphology of myocardium.