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21.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of partially hydrogenated vegetable and marine oils on membrane
composition and function of liver microsomes and platelets with particular reference to the metabolism of linoleic acid and
the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. Four groups of male weanling rats were fed linoleic acid supplemented diets
containing 20% (w/w) of partially hydrogenated low erucic acid rapeseed oil (HLRSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (HHO),
olive oil (OO) and trierucin + triolein (TE) for 10 weeks. An additional two groups were fed partially hydrogenated low erucic
acid rapeseed oil and partially hydrogenated herring oil without linoleic acid supplementation (HLRSO- and HHO-, respectively).
Substantial amounts oftrans fatty acids were incorporated into liver microsomes (12.6% in group HLRSO) and platelets (7.0% in group HLRSO-). This incorporation
was not dependent on the dietary linoleic acid level. Hepatic microsomal Δ5-desaturase activity was significantly increased after HLRSO feeding compared to OO feeding. Δ6-Desaturase activity did not vary in the linoleic acid supplemented groups. Both Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase activities were significantly increased in groups without linoleic acid supplementation.
Docosenoic acid was incorporated into platelet phospholipids in contrast to liver microsomes. In the platelet, docosenoic
acid seemed to have a special preference for phosphatidylserine. Very small amounts were incorporated into platelet phosphatidylinositol.
Feeding diets HLRSO, HHO and OO did not influence rat platelet cyclooxygenase or 12-lipoxygenase activity. Platelets from
rats fed TE, however, produced significantly less 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) than platelets from
rats fed OO. Feeding of HLRSO- and HHO- resulted in a significantly diminished production of the arachidonic acid metabolites
12-HETE, 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α in stimulated platelets and aorta. Thus, high dietary levels oftrans isomers of monoenoic acids do not interfere with platelet cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase activity provided sufficient amounts
of linoleic acid are available. 相似文献
22.
This article describes how a wheel–rail wear detection parameter based on noise was developed by running a rapid transit train instrumented with microphones in a depot with a small curve radius. This full-scale test made use of previous knowledge gained from lab-scale tests. The lab- and full-scale tests showed that noise could be used as an indicator of wear transition, when normal wear turns into severe or catastrophic wear. This transition was accompanied by a significant increase in sound pressure and a broader sound pressure amplitude spectrum; that is, a narrow initial amplitude distribution in the normal wear regime and a broader distribution in the severe wear regime. The measured noise from the inner/low and outer/high rails was analyzed in conjunction with the wear from the outer wheel and comparisons were made between cleaned (exposed to severe wear) and lubricated (no wear) rail. Based on those analyses, a wear detection parameter criterion was developed for this specific train. This wear parameter has been implemented in a real-time condition monitoring system so that warnings of the risk for severe wear could be sent to the maintenance department. Validation of the wear parameter and challenges linked to open system conditions are discussed in this article. 相似文献
23.
Polar pollutants in municipal wastewater and the water cycle: Occurrence and removal of benzotriazoles 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole (BTri) and its methylated analogues (tolyltriazole, TTri) are corrosion inhibitors used in many industrial applications, but also in households in dishwashing agents and in deicing fluids at airports and elsewhere. BTri and one of the TTri-isomers (4-TTri) are typical examples of polar and poorly degradable trace pollutants. Benzotriazole elimination in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Berlin ranged from 20 to 70% for 5-TTRi over 30 to 55% for BTri to insignificant for 4-TTri. WWTP effluent concentrations were in the range of 7-18 μg/L of BTri, 1-5 μg/L of 4-TTri and 0.8-1.2 μg/L of 5-TTri. BTri and 4-TTri proved to be omnipresent in surface waters of the rivers Rhine and Elbe with concentrations increasing from <0.05 μg/L to around 0.5 μg/L of BTri and 0.2-0.5 μg/L of 4-TTri over 600-700 km. Bank filtration is an important process to generate raw water for drinking water production from surface waters. Even after residence times of several months BTri and 4-TTri were determined in concentrations of a few hundred ng/L in bank filtration water. Isotherm data from batch experiments indicate that activated carbon filtration should be suitable to avoid intrusion of TTri into drinking water in partially closed water cycles. For BTri, however, sorption to activated carbon appears to be too weak and ozonation may be mandatory to remove it from raw waters. 相似文献
24.
The erosion-corrosion characteristics of a 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel at low particle velocities and elevated temperatures were determined using a nozzle type laboratory erosion tester. The tests were performed with 180–360 μm angular alumina particles at 60° angle of impingement at low particle velocities of 2.6–8.2 m/s and in the temperature interval 20–600°C. The steel was tested both in the as-received condition as well as in two preoxidized conditions. The erosion-corrosion rate of the steel, both in the as-received and in the preoxidized conditions, was found to increase with increasing particle velocity. In contrast, the wastage rates were relatively independent of temperature in the temperature range investigated, the only exception being specimens exposed to the lowest particle velocity (2.6 m/s) at the very highest temperature, i.e. 600°C, which displayed a drastic increase in wastage. Specimens preoxidized at 700°C exhibited a somewhat higher erosion rate compared with non-preoxidized specimens and specimens preoxidized at 500°C. Microscopy revealed four different major wastage mechanisms, i.e. (i) plastic deformation, cracking and micro chipping of surface material of a size corresponding to the area impinged by eroding particles, (ii) chipping of somewhat larger oxide fragments (up to 10–15 μm in diameter), (iii) chipping or spalling of relatively large oxide fragments (up to 30–50 μm in diameter), and (iv) spalling along the steel-oxide interface or within an oxide layer due to cohesive failure, of larger (up to 500 μm in diameter) oxide layer fragments. In the present study extensive spalling was only observed for non-preoxidized specimens exposed to the lowest particle velocity (2.6 m/s) and the two highest specimen temperatures (550°C and 600°C). 相似文献
25.
虽然细胞分子生物学近年来发展很快,但是细胞培养的方法变化很慢.将近一个世纪以前发明的有盖培养皿至今仍在常规使用,但它已经不适合许多用来观察和分析活体细胞内发生的变化的现代光学分析方法.这篇文章描述了一种细胞培养芯片装置,它能有效地用于细胞培养和随后的高端光学分析,比如荧光和共焦显微镜方法. 相似文献
26.
Kimberly Sturk-Andreaggi Joseph D. Ring Adam Ameur Ulf Gyllensten Martin Bodner Walther Parson Charla Marshall Marie Allen 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(4)
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data present a readily available resource for mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) haplotypes that can be utilized for genetics research including population studies. However, the reconstruction of the mitogenome is complicated by nuclear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segments (NUMTs) that co-align with the mtDNA sequences and mimic authentic heteroplasmy. Two minimum variant detection thresholds, 5% and 10%, were assessed for the ability to produce authentic mitogenome haplotypes from a previously generated WGS dataset. Variants associated with NUMTs were detected in the mtDNA alignments for 91 of 917 (~8%) Swedish samples when the 5% frequency threshold was applied. The 413 observed NUMT variants were predominantly detected in two regions (nps 12,612–13,105 and 16,390–16,527), which were consistent with previously documented NUMTs. The number of NUMT variants was reduced by ~97% (400) using a 10% frequency threshold. Furthermore, the 5% frequency data were inconsistent with a platinum-quality mitogenome dataset with respect to observed heteroplasmy. These analyses illustrate that a 10% variant detection threshold may be necessary to ensure the generation of reliable mitogenome haplotypes from WGS data resources. 相似文献
27.
28.
Barry Haseltine Tor‐Ulf Weck Lars Meyer Rob van der Pluijm Oliver Dupont Christoph Alfes Wolfram Jaeger John Roberts Jonathan Silver Dirk Martens O. Pfeffermann Bastian Drewes Erhard Gunkler Jan Kubica Nebojsa Mojsilovic Erhard Gunkler Johann Marx Armin Ohler Hipolito Sousa Rui Sousa Romeu S. Vicente J. R. Mendes Silva Roberto Capozucca 《Mauerwerk》2011,15(6):348-361
29.
Un jet à très haute pression d'eau et d'air en même temps qu'une injection de pâte de ciment est en train de ?révolutionner? la pratique des injections dans le sol et consolidation des fondations. Cette technique développée en Suède est brièvement exposée ici. L'article s'appuie sur une note résumée publiée par le Conseil suédois pour la recherche sur la construction. 相似文献
30.