强水敏低渗油藏酸化防膨研究及现场应用

针对石西油田低渗油藏强水敏性伤害储层,油井转注水初期,普遍存在注入压力高、注不进的实际问题,基于黏土矿物的防膨原理和现场防膨经验,为了提高XH-F3防膨剂的防膨效果,采用乙醇与注入水混配,其防膨率得到显著提高,满足了油田指标要求。静态实验结果表明,采用该防膨技术,岩心破碎率低、腐蚀率低,配伍性好。现场实验表明,注入该防膨型醇水配制的酸液,酸化后注入压力大大下降,注水量增加3~5倍,达到了防止黏土矿物膨胀、实现近井地带酸化解堵的目的。     

焊接工艺对双金属复合管对接焊缝晶间腐蚀的影响

为了保证双金属复合管对接焊焊缝的耐腐蚀性能,结合双金属复合管对接焊的特点与特殊要求,从焊材的选取和焊接工艺参数的设计出发,验证了不同焊接工艺对复合管对接焊焊缝晶间腐蚀的影响。结果显示,实芯焊材正常焊接工艺下,焊缝的晶粒度与母材相当,没有出现腐蚀坑和晶间腐蚀弯曲开裂现象;药芯焊材及大热输入焊接工艺下,焊缝均出现不同程度的腐蚀。试验结果表明,双金属复合管在对接焊时最好选择与覆层材质相当的实芯耐蚀合金焊材,同时,要注意焊接热输入量的控制和内部惰性气体的保护。     

油基减阻剂的研制与应用

聚α烯烃是目前最为有效的减阻聚合物,影响聚合物减阻效果的因素很多,若想得到其中的规律性,一般的实验设计所需的工作量很大。本文提出采用均匀设计安排实验结合数据回归处理的方法,可以大大减少实验次数,提高了实验效率。另外,通过对国外两种减阻剂以及实验合成的高级α烯烃的均聚物、共聚物进行环道测试和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析,研究了聚合物分子量对减阻效果的影响。     

基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术及其应用

在地形起伏剧烈、速度和厚度横向变化大的地区，折射静校正技术的应用受到诸多限制，主要表现在不能准确地识别和拾取来自于地下连续地质界面的折射波，使得精确求取的长波长静校正量困难。为此，提出了一种基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术。介绍了这种静校正技术的方法原理和特点，基于对比折射法的折射波至拾取实质上是一个折射层的对比分析解释过程，因此能准确地拾取折射波至，精确地求解低速带的绝对延迟时；然后利用延迟时和近地表速度模型（等效，时深，空变）反演表层模型，最终一次性完成基准面静校正（包含低速带校正和高程校正）。在黄土塬、沙漠以及沙漠和山地的接合部等地区，利用基于对比折射法的三维静校正技术进行静校正处理，使资料的品质得到了明显改善，反射同相轴连续性好，信噪比和分辨率高，构造形态清晰可靠，提高了勘探精度。     

基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法

提出了一种基于三相幅度测量的相控阵天线快速校准方法。该方法将天线阵列进行分组,利用每种分组在三种配相下的阵面合成场幅度测量值,可解算出各个天线单元的初始幅相值。该方法仅需幅度测量,避免了相位测量误差影响单元幅相值的计算精度,而且所需幅度测量次数仅为(2N+1)次,可显著提高校准时效性。另外,利用分组思想,同时改变多个单元相位,使总辐射场的幅度变化显著,提升校准准确性。仿真结果表明:校准后相位均方根误差为2.2°,幅度均方根误差为0.2 dB。     

Distributed congestion control strategy using network utility maximization theory in VANET

Cooperative vehicle safety system (CVSS) rely on periodical beacons to track neighboring vehicles.High traffic density often causes channel congestion,seriously damaging the performance of CVSS.Existing congestion control strategies aim to ensure the performance in network layer,without considering the service requirements of vehicles in different driving contexts.To solve the problem,a distributed congestion control strategy using network utility maximization (NUM) theory was proposed.First of all,the NUM model for channel resource allocation was introduced.A utility function reflecting vehicle’s safety requirements was proposed in the model.Then under the condition of fixed transmit powers,a optimization problem of channel resource allocation was proposed.Lastly,to solve the optimization problem,a distributed congestion control algorithm named utility-based rate congestion control (UBRCC) algorithm was designed,the algorithm worked out the optimal beaconing rate by updating vehicle’s congestion price,realizing the resource allocation according to vehicle’s safety requirements.Simulation results validate that UBRCC algorithm can efficiently control channel congestion,reduce transmission delay,ensure reliable data transmission and satisfies the requirements of safety applications.     

污水复合深部调驱技术的室内研究

针对胜利渤南十区高温、高矿化度油藏地层条件,研制出利用油田污水配制的预交联颗粒／水驱流向改变剂／聚合物弱凝胶复合深部调驱体系。确定了弱凝胶体系最佳配方：HPAM浓度为1200—1800mg／L,交联剂浓度为300—600mg／L;该弱凝胶体系粘度保留率高,老化稳定性好。在油田污水中,水驱流向改变剂和预交联颗粒均具有良好的吸水膨胀性,在90℃下、104d内具有较好的老化稳定性。     

酯化法制备 1,6 - 己二酸二甲酯

以DNW-I强酸型正离子交换树脂为催化剂,己二酸和甲醇为原料,经间歇酯化和连续酯化反应后,通过精馏可制备选择性为100%的1,6-己二酸二甲酯。结果表明,当DNW-I型催化剂用量(质量分数,下同)为3.75%时,己二酸间歇酯化转化率大于69.50%。其连续酯化转化率及总转化率分别大于99.30%,99.70%。最佳间歇酯化反应条件为:催化剂用量3.75%,甲醇/己二酸(摩尔比)2.5∶1.0,反应温度70~90℃,反应时间4 h;最佳连续酯化反应条件为:液体空速0.52~0.56 h-1,甲醇进料量110~130 g/h。     

不同压力下螯合剂浓度在碱性Cu CMP中的影响

We propose the action mechanism of Cu chemical mechanical planarization(CMP) in an alkaline solution.Meanwhile,the effect of abrasive mass fraction on the copper removal rate and within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) have been researched.In addition,we have also investigated the synergistic effect between the applied pressure and the FA/O chelating agent on the copper removal rate and WIWNU in the CMP process.Based on the experimental results,we chose several concentrations of the FA/O chelating agent,which added in the slurry can obtain a relatively high removal rate and a low WIWNU after polishing,to investigate the planarization performance of the copper slurry under different applied pressure conditions.The results demonstrate that the copper removal rate can reach 6125 °/min when the abrasive concentration is 3 wt.%.From the planarization experimental results,we can see that the residual step height is 562 ° after excessive copper of the wafer surface is eliminated.It denotes that a good polishing result is acquired when the FA/O chelating agent concentration and applied pressure are fixed at 3 vol% and 1 psi,respectively.All the results set forth here are very valuable for the research and development of alkaline slurry.     

Lithiation MXene Derivative Skeletons for Wide-Temperature Lithium Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal, as an appealing candidate for the next-generation of high-energy-density batteries, is plagued by its safety issue mainly caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth and infinite volume expansion. Developing new materials that can improve the performance of Li-metal anode is one of the urgent tasks. Herein, a new MXene derivative containing pure rutile TiO₂ and N-doped carbon prepared by heat-treating MXene under a mixing gas, exhibiting high chemical activity in molten Li, is reported. The lithiation MXene derivative with a hybrid of LiTiO₂-Li₃N-C and Li offers outstanding electrochemical properties. The symmetrical cell assembling lithiation MXene derivative hybrid anode exhibits an ultra-long cycle lifespan of 2000 h with an overpotential of ≈30 mV at 1 mA cm⁻², which overwhelms Li-based anodes reported so far. Additionally, long-term operations of 34, 350, and 500 h at 10 mA cm⁻² can be achieved in symmetrical cells at temperatures of −10, 25, and 50 °C, respectively. Both experimental tests and density functional theory calculations confirm that the LiTiO₂-Li₃N-C skeleton serves as a promising host for Li infusion by alleviating volume variation. Simultaneously, the superlithiophilic interphase of Li₃N guides Li deposition along the LiTiO₂-Li₃N-C skeleton to avoid dendrite growth.