Direct visualization of large-area graphene domains and boundaries by optical birefringency

The boundaries between domains in single-layer graphene strongly influence its electronic properties. However, existing approaches for domain visualization, which are based on microscopy and spectroscopy, are only effective for domains that are less than a few micrometres in size. Here, we report a simple method for the visualization of arbitrarily large graphene domains by imaging the birefringence of a graphene surface covered with nematic liquid crystals. The method relies on a correspondence between the orientation of the liquid crystals and that of the underlying graphene, which we use to determine the boundaries of macroscopic domains.     

基于分形和支持向量机矿井涌水量的预测

针对矿井涌水量预测问题,提出一种新的非线性预测方法。首先利用分形理论对矿井涌水量的时间序列进行相空间重构,应用自相关系数法确定最小嵌入维数,并以最小嵌入维数作为支持向量机的输入节点,根据支持向量机原理建立矿井涌水量的预测模型。将河南鹤壁四矿1982-1997年的矿井涌水量作为时间序列的训练样本,在Matlab环境下,利用所建立的预测模型预测不同嵌入维数时2000和2001年的矿井涌水量。结果表明：与其他维数相比,当嵌入维数为4时,井筒涌水量的预测值误差最小,预测精度最高。为检验该方法预测的可靠性,分别将不同维数下井筒、巷道和工作面涌水量1988-2001年的预测值与观测值进行对比,发现预测值与观测值较一致。〓     

煤炭絮凝微生物黄孢原毛平革菌光谱及电镜研究

选择对煤炭具有良好絮凝效果的黄孢原毛平革菌作为研究对象,在对其生物学特性的研究基础上,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱及扫描电镜对其成份进行测试分析。研究结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌生物提取物中含有大量酸性多糖等具有絮凝作用的组分,不含蛋白质和核酸成分,絮凝生物大分子具有多孔的线型分子结构,包埋交织,结构较致密,并有较多的吸附位点等。     

水射流辅助硬质合金钻头切割岩石过程的刀具温度分析

〖HT5H〗摘〓要：〖HT5K〗通过对硬质合金钻头切削岩石过程中热量转换、传递过程分析,建立了前刀面的温度方程。根据对水射流与刀片间传热过程的热力学分析分别建立了水射流与刀片表面对流换热微分方程组和热源与刀片间的稳态导热微分方程,推导出水射流对刀片的换热功率表达式和刀片内温度场表达式。研究表明,在无水射流情况下,钻头切削岩石前刀面温度变化与切削速度vq的平方根成正比;水射流的存在可以大幅降低刀具的温度,水射流对刀片的换热功率Φ与射流压力p的四次方根成正比,刀片平均温度的变化与p－1/4成正比。一定条件下的试验结果表明,采用水射流辅助硬质合金钻头切削岩石,当射流大于适当压力,钻头破损程度大幅下降,从而有效地提高钻头寿命。     

基于社会技术系统视角的我国重大生产安全事故致因分析模型

基于社会技术系统视角,围绕技术控制与社会干预两条主线,采用跨学科的研究方法,构建了我国重大生产安全事故致,提出了危险源管理和作业人员、作业情境、组织、政府及其他干预部门与社会因素等5个层次事故致因分析模型,阐述了各个层次因素的作用传导关系,并以实例佐证。最后以模型为基础提出我国重大安全事故风险控制的对策措施建议。     

Silicon rice-straw array emitters and their superior electron field emission

Free standing and vertically aligned silicon rice-straw- like array emitters were fabricated by modified electroless metal deposition (EMD), using HF-H(2)O(2) as an etching solution to reduce the emitter density and to make the emitter end of the formed silicon rice-straw arrays shaper than those formed by conventional EMD. These silicon rice-straw array emitters can be turned on at E(0) = 4.7 V/μm, yielding an EFE (electron field emission) current density of J(e) = 139 μA/cm(2) in an applied field of 12.8 V/μm. According to a simple simulation, the excellent EFE performance of the silicon rice-straw array emitters originates in not only the favorable distribution of emitter arrays, but also the shape of the emitter apexes. The modified-EMD method is easily scaled up without expensive equipment, so silicon rice-straw array emitters are a promising alternative to silicon-based field emitters.     

Folate determination in spinach. Influence of cultivation, harvest and cooking methods

The aim of this work was to determine vitamin contents in spinach produced by different cultivation type (organic and traditional), harvesting period and after cooking in water. The determination was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. There was no significant difference in folate contents between spinach cultivated by traditional and organic method and there was also no significant difference between the values obtained at different periods of the year. Folate levels determined as 5-methylTHF and 5-formylTHF varied from 226 to 527 microg/100 g and 4.6 to 10 microg/100 g, respectively. Cooking in water resulted in approximately 74% of losses of 5-methylTHF and 56% of 5-formylTHF. The mainly losses occurred by leaching.     

Bioconjugated gold nanodots and nanoparticles for protein assays based on photoluminescence quenching

This study describes the first instance of the use of two differently sized Au nanoparticles (Au NPs), acting separately as donor and acceptor, in homogeneous photoluminescence quenching assays developed for the analysis of proteins. Introduction of a breast cancer marker protein, platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF AA), to a solution of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-protected, 2.0-nm photoluminescent Au nanodots (L(AuND)) led to the preparation of PDGF AA-L(AuND) as the donor. Thiol-derivative PDGF binding aptamers (Apt) and 13-nm spherical Au NPs were used to synthesize the Apt-Q(AuNP) acceptor. The photoluminescence of PDGF AA-L(AuND) at 520 nm decreased when photoluminescence quenching occurred between Apt-Q(AuNP) and PDGF AA-L(AuND). We used the PDGF AA-L(AuND)/Apt-Q(AuNP)-based molecular light switching system to analyze PDGFs and PDGF alpha-receptor in separate homogeneous solutions. In the presence of PDGFs, the interaction between Apt-Q(AuNP) and PDGF AA-L(AuND) decreased as a result of competitive reactions between the PDGFs and Apt-Q(AuNP). Similarly, the interaction between Apt-Q(AuNP) and PDGF AA-L(AuND) reduced as a result of competitive reactions between PDGF alpha-receptor and PDGF AA-L(AuND). The limits of detection (LODs) for PDGF AA and PDGF alpha-receptor were 80 pM and 0.25 nM, respectively, resulting from a low background photoluminescence signal. When using the Apt-Q(AuNP) as selectors for (a) the enrichment of PDGF AA and (b) the removal of matrixes possessing intense background fluorescence from cell media and urine samples, the LOD for PDGF AA decreased to 10 pM. Unlike quantum dots, the L(AuND) provide the advantages of biocompatibility, ease of bioconjugation, and minimal toxicity.     

Analysis of optically pumped equilateral triangular microlasers with three mode-selective trenches

Semiconductor laser devices based on triangular resonators can provide cheap, compact, and high performance optical sources for optical communications, computing, defense, and biological applications. I modify the original structure by introducing three trenches and analyze their effects on the electromagnetic modes propagating in the triangular cavity. I also analyze the coupling of light into single-mode waveguides. These analyses are conducted by using two-dimensional finite difference time-domain methods. Results show that the introduction of such trenches can considerably reduce the quality factors of most of the modes, but one mode is not significantly degraded, providing nearly single-mode operation. The effects of radiation losses are further investigated by introducing a photonic crystal shielding around the triangular structure. Finally I solve the rate equations to obtain the steady-state response for these structures.     

High throughput reflective light guide for planar illuminator

A light guide fully composed of reflective plate has been proposed for a planar illuminator with the light source located at the side edge. Using mirror reflection as the light guiding mechanism increases the light acceptance angle of the light guide, and the hollow structure allows increasing the source coupling area without inducing further weight. Accompanying with the optical films, for example, a diffuser, a prismatic film, and a reflective polarizer to spread light distribution, the uniformity of the prototype has shown the feasibility for a planar illuminator.