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51.
At strain rates greater than about 10 the deformation of polymers is an adiabatic process which can lead to the generation of very high localized temperatures. These may be well in excess of the temperatures required for thermal decomposition of the polymer to occur. It is speculated that gaseous products arising from such decomposition may act as the source of microcavities and craze initiators. Experiments are described in which the thermal decomposition reaction parameters of polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, and polysulphone are measured using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and the decomposition products analysed by mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the proposed mechanism could act as a source of micropores with total pore volumes amounting to several per cent of the material volume. 相似文献
52.
Co-evolution as a computational and cognitive model of design 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Co-evolutionary design has been developed as a computational model that assumes two parallel search spaces: the problem space
and the solution space. The design process iteratively searches each space using the other space as the basis for a fitness
function when evaluating the alternatives. Co-evolutionary design can also be developed as a cognitive model of design by
characterizing the way in which designers iteratively search for a design solution, making revisions to the problem specification.
This paper presents the computational model of co-evolutionary design and then describes a protocol study of human designers
looking for evidence of co-evolution of problem specifications and design solutions. The study shows that co-evolutionary
design is a good cognitive model of design and highlights the similarities and differences between the computational model
and the cognitive model. The results show that the two kinds of co-evolutionary design complement each other, having strengths
in different aspects of the design process.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
53.
54.
A shortcut model is developed for predicting the HETP of a structured packed distillation column operating at elevated pressure. The proposed model incorporates the geometrical parameters of the packing, physical properties of the vapor and liquid phases, and the hydrodynamics of the two‐phase flow. The proposed model is tested and validated by comparing the predicted results with the present experimental data and some published HETP data. The results show that the proposed model can predict the experimental data with a deviation smaller than 20 %. 相似文献
55.
简要地介绍了氢离子敏场效应晶体管(H~+-ISFET)的基本结构和工作原理,提出了一种新型背面接触式H~+-ISFET。对该结构在版图、工艺设计中的有关问题,进行了探讨。最后指出:它在pH值的测量中有较好的实用价值。 相似文献
56.
对转炉炼钢实现低铁耗和高碳低磷工艺进行了分析,介绍了南钢公司转炉炼钢实践低铁耗条件下高碳低磷工艺的具体应用措施。 相似文献
57.
Miniaturized Hexagonal Stepped-Impedance Resonators and Their Applications to Filters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rui-Jie Mao Xiao-Hong Tang Ling Wang Guo-Hong Du 《Microwave Theory and Techniques》2008,56(2):440-448
Miniaturized hexagonal stepped-impedance resonators and their applications to bandpass filters are presented. Based on the odd- and even-mode equivalent circuits, the resonance characteristics of these resonators are investigated. A series of circuit configurations, including the third-order Chebyshev, trisection, and fifth-order cascaded trisection filters, are constructed by the proposed resonators. These filters are very compact and have good stopband responses. Measured results validate the analysis and theoretical prediction with good agreement. 相似文献
58.
Mou Weimin; Biocca Frank; Owen Charles B.; Tang Arthur; Xiao Fan; Lim Lynette 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,10(4):238
In 3 experiments, the authors investigated spatial updating in augmented reality environments. Participants learned locations of virtual objects on the physical floor. They were turned to appropriate facing directions while blindfolded before making pointing judgments (e.g., "Imagine you are facing X. Point to Y"). Experiments manipulated the angular difference between the learning heading and the imagined heading and between the actual heading and the imagined heading. The effect of actual-imagined on pointing latency was observed for naive users but not for users with brief training or instructions concerning the fact that objects can move with body movements. The results indicated that naive users used an environment-stabilized reference frame to access information arrays, but with experience and instruction the nature of the representation changed from an environment stabilized to a body stabilized reference frame. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
59.
A method to design a microstrip filter has been proposed. The multiple capacitively loaded coupled lines are adopted for the design of the microstrip filter. The filter shows different stopband behaviour with respect to even or odd total number of resonators. The transmission zeros may be located around the lower, higher or both regions of the passband's skirt. The coupling among the capacitively loaded lines can produce another transmission zero particularly in the higher stopband. A bandpass filter and a duplexer utilising these features are designed. The equivalent model is also proposed to illustrate the filter's coupling among these capacitively loaded coupled lines. The design has been verified by experimental results 相似文献
60.
The molten iron allocation problem (MIAP) is to allocate molten iron from blast furnaces to steel-making furnaces. The allocation needs to observe the release times of the molten iron defined by the draining plan of the blast furnaces and the transport time between the iron-making and steel-making stages. Time window constraints for processing the molten iron must be satisfied to avoid freezing. The objective is to find a schedule with minimum total weighted completion time. This objective reflects the practical consideration of improving steel-making efficiency and reducing operation cost caused by the need for reheating. Such a problem can be viewed as a parallel machine scheduling problem with time windows which is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, we first formulate the molten iron allocation problem as an integer programming model and then reformulate it as a set partitioning model by applying the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition. We solve the problem using a column generation-based branch-and-price algorithm. Since the subproblem of column generation is still NP-hard, we propose a state-space relaxation-based dynamic programming algorithm for the subproblem. Computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of solving problems with up to 100 jobs to optimality within a reasonable computation time. 相似文献