不同头型弹体低速入水空泡试验研究

针对不同头部形状弹体低速入水空泡形成、发展特性及其影响因素开展试验研究,用高速摄影仪实时记录了圆头、90~150°锥头弹体入水过程中自由液面的波动特性、空泡的演变过程及入水弹道的稳定性,同时通过对比试验得到弹体入水空泡、入水弹道与入水速度、入水角度之间的关系。试验结果表明,圆头弹体不易形成空泡,但弹道稳定性差;90°锥头弹体倾斜入水时,入水速度越大,空泡的非对称性越强;120°锥头弹体垂直入水速度越大,越易发生表面闭合现象及完整的脱落气泡;150°锥头弹体入水角大于80°时,发生表面闭合现象。在整个入水过程中,弹体速度呈线性衰减,空泡射流速度衰减较快。     

An overview of smart packaging technologies for monitoring safety and quality of meat and meat products

The food packaging sector has experienced much development since its inception. In the past few decades, innovations in packaging sector have led to the development of smart packaging (SP) systems that carve a niche in a highly competitive food industry. SP systems have great potential for improving the shelf‐life, and safety of food products apart from their basic roles of protecting the products against unwanted biological, chemical, and physical damage and keeping them clean. Indicators and sensors, SP components, are used for real‐time monitoring of meat quality and subsequently inform the retailers and consumers about the freshness, microbiological, temperature, and shelf life status of the products. Barcodes and radio‐frequency identification tags are employed in meat packaging for real‐time information about the authenticity, and traceability of the products in the supply chain. Recently, innovations in SP technologies resulted in fast, sensitive, and effective detection, sensing, and record keeping of freshness, microbiological, and shelf life status of meat and meat products. The SP system shows promise for extensive utilization in the meat industry in response to the consumer appreciation for safe, and quality meat products, as well as their waste reduction notions. This paper gives an updated overview of ongoing scientific research, and recent technological advances that offer the perspectives of developing smart meat packaging systems that are capable of monitoring the physical, microbial, and chemical changes of the package contents from producer to the point of sale and even beyond, and remediating potential adverse reactions.     

Deep features-based speech emotion recognition for smart affective services

Emotion recognition from speech signals is an interesting research with several applications like smart healthcare, autonomous voice response systems, assessing situational seriousness by caller affective state analysis in emergency centers, and other smart affective services. In this paper, we present a study of speech emotion recognition based on the features extracted from spectrograms using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with rectangular kernels. Typically, CNNs have square shaped kernels and pooling operators at various layers, which are suited for 2D image data. However, in case of spectrograms, the information is encoded in a slightly different manner. Time is represented along the x-axis and y-axis shows frequency of the speech signal, whereas, the amplitude is indicated by the intensity value in the spectrogram at a particular position. To analyze speech through spectrograms, we propose rectangular kernels of varying shapes and sizes, along with max pooling in rectangular neighborhoods, to extract discriminative features. The proposed scheme effectively learns discriminative features from speech spectrograms and performs better than many state-of-the-art techniques when evaluated its performance on Emo-DB and Korean speech dataset.

     

Micromorphology,pharmacognosy, and bio‐elemental analysis of an important medicinal herb: Verbascum thapsus L.

The present study was conducted on characterization of morpho‐anatomical, phytochemical, and bio‐elemental analysis of root, stem, and leaf of Verbascum thapsus. Morphologically Verbascum is a biennial plant that flowers for a month and a half in mid‐ to late summer. Various organoleptic features of root, leaf, and stem were recorded. Anatomically the T. S of the root, stem, and leaf showed a typical dicot histological differentiation. Leaf possessed anomocytic stomata, crescent shape vascular bundles, and covered with long and stellate type trichomes while, stem contained collateral type of vascular bundles and a well‐developed pith to store phytochemicals responsible for various pharmacological activities. The powder drug study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various types of tissues. Branched, tree like and stellate trichomes in root and leaf help in absorption and reduce loss of water. These anatomical features are responsible for the survival of the plant as biennial. Four macro elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and seven microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Cd) and their concentrations in ppm were also studied using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed existence of various secondary metabolites, while mucilage and anthraquinones was not detected. The present study helps to understand the taxonomic identification of the plant based on morpho‐anatomical features and throws the attention of the researchers to carry out the work for developing its various formulations, which can ultimately be beneficial for the human beings as well as animals.     

Modeling of baryte batch grinding in a vibratory disc mill

A discrete population balance approach to model batch grinding is presented and used to simulate baryte grinding in a vibratory disc mill. The grinding kinetics used in the simulation are measured independently with the grinding rate depending on the particle size. A bimodal fragment size distribution of a single breakage event according to the Austin approach is used. The resulting model was solved by numerical integration and the results are discussed concerning accuracy and applicability. The experimental data are compared with the calculated results and show good agreement with the simulations. The breakage distribution is calculated for different particle sizes. This approach avoids the fitting of a large number of parameters to few experimental values, making the model more robust and allowing a wider range of applications, e.g. process optimization.     

Coherent control of symmetric and asymmetric diffraction grating via relative phase

ABSTRACT

We present a theoretical model to realize the symmetric and asymmetric diffraction grating in a four-level atomic medium. The proposed atomic medium follows a double lambda configuration where four fields interact with it. We get control over symmetric and asymmetric behavior of the diffraction grating by manipulating the relative phase of the fields. Interestingly, the symmetric and asymmetric diffraction grating become prominent when the vortex beam is used instead of the plane wave. Enhanced first, second, and third-order diffraction gratings are achieved via the vortex beam. Further, we find control over asymmetric diffraction gratings by the relative phase of the fields. Coherent control of asymmetric diffraction grating in negative and positive diffracted angles is also achieved via the relative phase.     

A comparative study of rate monotonic schedulability tests

With the increased penetration of real-time systems into our surroundings, the selection of an efficient schedulability test under fixed priority system from a plethora of existing results, has become a matter of primary interest to real-time system designers. The need for a faster schedulability tests becomes more prominent when it applies to online systems, where processor time is a sacred resource and it is of central importance to assign processor to execute tasks instead of determining system schedulability. Under fixed priority nonpreemptive real-time systems, current schedulability tests (in exact form) can be divided into: response time based tests, and scheduling points tests. To the best of our knowledge, no comparative study of these test to date has ever been presented. The aim of this work is to assist the system designers in the process of selecting a suitable technique from the existing literature after knowing the pros and cons associated with these tests. We highlight the mechanism behind the feasibility tests, theoretically and experimentally. Our experimental results show that response time based tests are faster than scheduling points tests, which make the response time based tests an excellent choice for online systems.     

平面气枪阵列远场子波模拟及优化

气枪阵列的远场压力子波具有良好的地震特性,被广泛应用于海底资源勘探。本文在前人基础上建立了气泡动力学方程,并在上述模型中加入简化的热力学模型,仅需知道气枪的工作压力、工作容积即可计算出远场压力子波。另外,针对平面阵列,对Ziolkowski模型进行了修正及简化,再将上述模型计算结果与Nucleus软件模拟结果对比,发现两者吻合良好。最后,结合粒子群算法对气枪平面阵列进行优化,发现在气枪阵列总体积变化较小时即可有效增大气泡比,并探讨了气枪容积在优化前后的变化规律,为气枪震源研究提供重要参考。     

High-efficiency remediation of cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solution using poultry manure– and farmyard manure–derived biochars

Farmyard manure (FYM-BC) and poultry manure (PM-BC) derived biochars were applied as adsorbents to remove Cd²⁺ from water. Results indicated that PM-BC was a more efficient adsorbent than FYM-BC at all experimental conditions. Maximum Cd²⁺ adsorption was observed at pH 4, temperature 318 K and contact time 1 h, regardless of biochar type. The Langmuir model predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 90.09 mg g^?1 for PM-BC. The data fitting to pseudo-second-order model proposed chemisorption of Cd²⁺ onto biochars. Thermodynamics indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Post-adsorption analysis provided evidences of strong chemical interactions between biochars’ functional groups and Cd²⁺ ions.