光伏发电系统最大功率点控制策略的研究

光伏发电系统中光伏电池的输出特性易受到外界环境因素的影响,为了提高光伏阵列的效率则采用最大功率点跟踪控制.针对传统的扰动观察法跟踪步长固定和振荡幅度大的问题,在传统扰动观察法的基础上提出了改进的变步长自适应算法.在MATLAB/Simulink模块中,在不同光照强度的情况下对两种算法进行仿真分析,结果显示改进后的算法跟踪速度更快且系统工作状态更稳定.     

核电厂棒电源发电机滑环的更换

秦二厂#2机组棒电源发电机已连续运行近16年,在最近一次解体检修时,测量发现发电机滑环外径接近最小要求尺寸,需对滑环整体进行更换处理.因为滑环和转轴固定方式特殊,且新滑环没有螺纹孔,所以设计出一种专用工具,以安全有效地对滑环实施更换,并提高了新滑环安装的准确性.     

醋酸氟卡尼合成路线改进

以商品化2,5-二(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯甲酸(Ⅰ)为原料,二氯亚砜为酰氯化试剂,得到2,5-二(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯甲酰氯(Ⅱ),中间体Ⅱ再与2-氨甲基哌啶反应得到盐酸氟卡尼(Ⅲ),化合物Ⅲ通过碱中和再与醋酸络合成盐得到目标产物醋酸氟卡尼.考察了投料比、反应时间以及溶剂对化合物Ⅲ收率的影响,优选的反应条件为:n(Ⅰ):n(2-氨甲基哌啶)=1:1.8(其中,化合物Ⅰ先活化成酰氯),以四氢呋喃为溶剂,冰浴搅拌2.0 h,得到盐酸氟卡尼.再以乙醇为溶剂,NaOH为碱,回流中和0.5 h,得到氟卡尼(Ⅳ);最后,选用异丙醇为溶剂,中间体Ⅳ与醋酸回流0.5 h,冷却析出得到目标产物.4步反应总收率为39.2％,经过两次结晶,最终产物醋酸氟卡尼HPLC纯度高于99.7％.     

一种恒压恒流开关电源设计

分析了开关电源容性负载对电源电路可靠性和环路稳定性的影响,对现有模拟控制方案和数字控制方案进行了对比,提出了基于数字双环控制的恒压恒流控制方式.基于以上分析,较全面评估了恒压恒流控制在超大容性负载电源中的应用.最后,设计了具有恒压恒流控制的模块和常规控制方案电源模块.仿真和试验电路测试结果表明,具有恒压恒流控制的电源模块具有可靠性高、浪涌电流小的优点.     

轮胎炼胶生产能源管理系统

研究烷基二硫代磷酸锌TPZ在丁苯橡胶（SBR）/白炭黑体系中的应用。结果表明：在SBR/白炭黑体系中以TPZ等量替代促进剂DPG,TPZ具有类似促进剂DPG的活化作用,可降低胶料的滚动阻力,且更加环保;少量TPZ作为偶联活化剂用于SBR/白炭黑体系的母炼中,可以减小硅烷偶联剂用量,降低成本,提高填料分散性和偶联效率,从而使胶料获得更佳的物理性能和动态力学性能。     

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Loaded Liposomes Favor Anti-Inflammation of Microglia Cells and Promote Neuroprotection

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized to mainly contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), known as a natural antioxidant in green tea, can inhibit microglia-mediated inflammation and protect neurons but has disadvantages such as high instability and low bioavailability. We developed an EGCG liposomal formulation to improve its bioavailability and evaluated the neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo neuroinflammation models. EGCG-loaded liposomes have been prepared from phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) coated with or without vitamin E (VE) by hydration and membrane extrusion method. The anti-inflammatory effect has been evaluated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells activation and the inflammation in the substantia nigra of Sprague Dawley rats. In the cellular inflammation model, murine BV-2 microglial cells changed their morphology from normal spheroid to activated spindle shape after 24 h of induction of LPS. In the in vitro free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, EGCG scavenged 80% of DPPH within 3 min. EGCG-loaded liposomes could be phagocytized by BV-2 cells after 1 h of cell culture from cell uptake experiments. EGCG-loaded liposomes improved the production of BV-2 microglia-derived nitric oxide and TNF-α following LPS. In the in vivo Parkinsonian syndrome rat model, simultaneous intra-nigral injection of EGCG-loaded liposomes attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored motor impairment. We demonstrated that EGCG-loaded liposomes exert a neuroprotective effect by modulating microglia activation. EGCG extracted from green tea and loaded liposomes could be a valuable candidate for disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD).     

Soluble Prokaryotic Overexpression and Purification of Human GM-CSF Using the Protein Disulfide Isomerase b′a′ Domain

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a member of the colony-stimulating factor (CSF) family, which functions to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and other hematopoietic lineages such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, or macrophages. These proteins have thus generated considerable interest in clinical therapy research. A current obstacle to the prokaryotic production of human GM-CSF (hGM-CSF) is its low solubility when overexpressed and subsequent complex refolding processes. In our present study, the solubility of hGM-CSF was examined when combined with three N-terminal fusion tags in five E. coli strains at three different expression temperatures. In the five E. coli strains BL21 (DE3), ClearColi BL21 (DE3), LOBSTR, SHuffle T7 and Origami2 (DE3), the hexahistidine-tagged hGM-CSF showed the best expression but was insoluble in all cases at each examined temperature. Tagging with the maltose-binding protein (MBP) and the b′a′ domain of protein disulfide isomerase (PDIb′a′) greatly improved the soluble overexpression of hGM-CSF at 30 °C and 18 °C. The solubility was not improved using the Origami2 (DE3) and SHuffle T7 strains that have been engineered for disulfide bond formation. Two conventional chromatographic steps were used to purify hGM-CSF from the overexpressed PDIb′a′-hGM-CSF produced in ClearColi BL21 (DE3). In the experiment, 0.65 mg of hGM-CSF was isolated from a 0.5 L flask culture of these E. coli and showed a 98% purity by SDS-PAGE analysis and silver staining. The bioactivity of this purified hGM-CSF was measured at an EC₅₀ of 16.4 ± 2 pM by a CCK8 assay in TF-1 human erythroleukemia cells.     

Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 by Peptide YD1 Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms through Suppression of TLR4/MYyD88/NF-κB Signaling Cascade

In this study, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a novel antimicrobial peptide, YD1, isolated from Kimchi, in both in vitro and in vivo models. We establish that YD1 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway, resulting in the production of HO-1, which suppresses activation of the NF-κB pathway, including the subsequent proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. We also found that YD1 robustly suppresses nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) production by down-regulating the expression of the upstream genes, iNOS and COX-2, acting as a strong antioxidant. Collectively, YD1 exhibits vigorous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, presenting it as an interesting potential therapeutic agent.     

Clinical Significance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Association with Hormone Receptor Expression Patterns in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Hormone receptor expression patterns often correlate with infiltration of specific lymphocytes in tumors. Specifically, the presence of specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with particular hormone receptor expression is reportedly associated with breast cancer, however, this has not been revealed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, we investigated the association between hormone receptor expression and TILs in EOC. Here we found that ERα, AR, and GR expression increased in EOC, while PR was significantly reduced and ERβ expression showed a reduced trend compared to normal epithelium. Cluster analysis indicated poor disease-free survival (DFS) in AR+/GR+/PR+ subgroup (triple dominant group); while the Cox proportional-hazards model highlighted the triple dominant group as an independent prognostic factor for DFS. In addition, significant upregulation of FoxP3+ TILs, PD-1, and PD-L1 was observed in the triple dominant group compared to other groups. NanoString analyses further suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or NF-κB signaling pathways were activated with significant upregulation of RELA, MAP3K5, TNFAIP3, BCL2L1, RIPK1, TRAF2, PARP1, and AKT1 in the triple dominant EOC group. The triple dominant subgroup correlates with poor prognosis in EOC. Moreover, the TNF and/or NF-κB signaling pathways may be responsible for hormone-mediated inhibition of the immune microenvironment.