Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in patients with manifestations of urinary tract infection

The urinary tract infection is very frequent, especially if calculosis of the urinary tract is present. Urinary infection is widespread, and it appears during the year. The people of all ages and both sexes are affected by urinary infection. In the last few years a reliable progress in the understanding and management of urinary tract infection is achieved. Numerous articles published in professional journals are a good proof of it. The urinary tract infection is frequent and is responsible for the use of large quantities of antibiotics which provoke great costs and make other problems. The role of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of infection is predominant. The clinician is completely dependent on his collegue, a bacteriologist, with regard to the results of urine culture. It is known that microorganisms grow better if they have good nourishment. Infections of the urinary tract were always a significant problem. However, over the last few decades, they became, according to some authors, the most frequent bacterial infection in humans, requiring the frequent administration of immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids and cytostatics; and at the same time a great number of elder people and chronic patients with reduced immunity are involved. Taking into account that significant and insignificant infections of the urinary tract are frequent in nephropathology, particularly in renal and canalicular calculosis, the aim of the study was to point to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy without risk of impairment of already existing infections with and without administration of antibiotic and uroantiseptic agents for prophylactic purposes. A group of 5,078 patients with calculosis of the urinary tract was studied. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed in all patients by Siemens lithotriptor Lithostar (Germany). In patients with calculosis of the urinary tract subjected to extracorporeal lithotripsy bacteriuria was regularly followed. A group of 1,836 (36 percent) patients with urinary tract obstruction and 3,242 (64 percent) patients without urinary tract obstruction were treated (Table 1). In 895 (18 percent) patients with urinary tract obstruction infection was serious. In 321 (6 percent) patients without urinary tract infection, serious urinary tract infection was detected (Table 2). The most frequent causes of urinary tract infection are presented in Table 3. Table 4 shows a review of patients to whom antibiotic therapy, prior to extracorporeal lithotripsy, was prescribed. Infection of the urinary tract is responsible for great morbidity. The treatment of any type of urinary tract infection must include the examination of the effect of antibiotic agents. During the treatment of urinary tract infection with calculosis resistant microorganisms are also developed because of repeated administration of antibiotics to patients in health institutions, and especially to patients with ureteral catheters. The treatment of any type of urinary tract infection must include the examination of the effect of antibiotic agents used. The fundamental aims of the treatment of urinary tract infection are: the eradication of causes of infection and concurrent prevention or optimal control of recurrent infection. As long as the patients with urinary tract calculosis are susceptible of permanent infections. It is indispensable to perform sterilization, and thereafter to remove the stone from the urinary tract, because infection of the urinary tract may cause a series of sequelae in the function of the kidney. Frequently the successful urinary sterilization with antibiotic agents cannot be achieved, and consequently, the carrying out of extracorporeal lithotripsy together with administration of antibiotics, is impossible. Good results can be obtained by a combined therapy of antibiotics and extracorporeal lithotripsy in patients with urinary tract calculosis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

单元系T—p相图的数学结构

作者以化学元素的稳定单质为基准,推演出了任意物质M_i(相态Ω)的热力学生成活度{相态Ω)的函数形式:?D_Ω数值的大小体现着相态Ω的热力学相对稳定性.根据集合论原理沿D(稳定性)座标取极大值的方法把物理性质互不连续的各个异相态连结在一起,建立了单元系在T-p面上的优势分布方程(PSDE):■作者以H_2O为实例,计算了T-p相图,与实验相图基本一致.     

应用多孔阳极氧化电流—时间曲线比较壁垒膜厚

在有壁垒膜存在的表面,多孔膜的生长在氧化初期受到延迟阻碍,这一现象在直流恒压多孔阳极氧化电流一时间曲线上反映出来。电流达到稳态氧化的时间愈长,壁垒膜愈厚。文中应用此法判断了0.5MH_3BO_3介质的pH值、温度对壁垒阳极氧化膜厚的影响,并应用记录同一介质环境壁垒恒流阳极氧化的槽压一时间曲线得到验证。     

The Effect of Initial Inventories in a Two-Echelon System

A model in which jointly optimal stocks of material and finished products are to be chosen is reexamined. While it costs less to hold material, a certain percentage of the random demand not immediately satisfied by previously finished products is lost. We pay particular attention to the dependence of the optimal stocks on the initial ones, which assumes an interesting form. For example, if the stock of finished products is high but the combined stock is low, die quantity of material ordered depends on the stock of finished products.     

工业用水中硅酸根离子分析技术的现状与发展

综述了工业用水中硅酸根离子的基本分析方法以及分析仪器的开发应用现状；论述了流动注射分析技术（ＦＩＡ）在工业用水中硅酸根离子分析上的应用并预示了水质分析中在线预富集技术与多组分联合测定技术的发展。     

2,3,4- or 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans: catalyst-controlled highly regioselective ring-opening cycloisomerization reaction of cyclopropenyl ketones

2,3,4- or 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans were highly regioselectively formed from the cycloisomerization reaction of the same starting cyclopropenes 1 via the subtle choice of the transition metal halides. Under the catalysis of 5 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2, 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans 2 were given in 50-88% yields with 95-99% regioselectivities, while 2,3,4-trisubstituted furans 3 were formed in 78-96% yields with 99% regioselectivities under the catalysis of 5 mol % CuI.     

论影响体育教学质量的环境因素

在对影响体育教学质量的几种环境因素分析的基础上,提出了克服体育实践教学环境 因素的消极影响的主要措施以及正确利用这些物理因素的积极作用。