Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with highly hydrophobic surface

The preparation of very hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes was explored by using two methods. The first one was the modified phase inversion method using a water/N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) mixture instead of pure water as a soft precipitation bath. The second method was a precipitation‐bath free method, that is, the PVDF/DMAc casting solution underwent gelation in the open air instead of being immersed into a precipitation bath. The morphology of the surface and cross section of the membranes was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the membranes exhibited certain micro‐ and nanoscale hierarchical roughness on the surface, which brought about an enhanced hydrophobicity of the membrane. The contact angle (CA) of the samples obtained by the second method was as high as 150° with water. The conventional phase inversion method preparing PVDF porous membrane using pure water as precipitation bath usually results in an asymmetric membrane with a dense skin layer having a CA close to that of a smooth PVDF surface. The modified approach avoided the formation of a skin‐layer and resulted in a porous and highly hydrophobic surface of PVDF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1358–1363, 2005     

Mathematical model of shear rate of polymer melt dynamic extruding through capillary

With superimposing a sine vibration of displacement on the extruding direction of a polymer melt, the characterization formula of the shear rate of a polymer melt within a capillary was set up. By making use of the experimental equipment of a constant velocity type dynamic rheometer of capillary (CVDRC) designed by the authors, the calculating steps of the shear rate of the polymer melt at the wall of the capillary under a vibration force field were established. Through measuring and analyzing the instantaneous data of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume rate, and their phase‐difference under the superimposed vibration, the polymer melt's shear rate at the wall of the capillary can thus be calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1056–1061, 2005     

反应性乳化剂应用于丙烯酸酯类乳液压敏胶的研制

使用正交试验法设计压敏胶配方,得到用反应性乳化剂参与的AA、HEA、BA和EA、M AA等多元共聚物乳液,研究该聚合物应用于压敏胶的初粘、持粘、剥离强度等力学性能。结果表明,在该体系下引发剂用量、反应温度、AA、反应性乳化剂用量对压敏胶乳液综合性能关系密切,其它各因素影响不明显。得到的优化配方为BA(83%)、AA(1%)、HEA(1%)、MM A和EA的混合单体(15%)。     

金属—橡胶硫化粘接复合体剥离破坏行为的研究

本文分析了对橡胶分子链特性、部分交联弹性聚合物材料的粘弹行为及金属──橡胶硫化粘接体剥离过程中聚合物分子链的应力分布状况和剥离破坏模型，认为粘着一滑动（Stick—slip）模型剥离破坏并非是橡胶类材料的固有特征，而是由于金属──橡胶硫化粘接过程中的分子取向交联和部分交联弹性材料多个凯尔文（Kelvin）模型粘弹行为的综合结果．同时指出单从剥离试验的结果难以表征金属——橡胶硫化粘接复合作的粘接效果．     

Gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) and a novel organic iodide salt for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell

A gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) as polymer matrix and N-methyl pyridine iodide salt as I⁻ source was prepared. Controlling the concentration of polymer matrix of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) at 17.5 wt.%, mixing the binary organic solvents mixture ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate with 6:4 (w/w), and the concentration of N-methyl pyridine iodide and iodine with 0.5 and 0.05 M, respectively, the gel polymer electrolyte attains the maximum ionic conductivity (at 30 °C) of 4.63 mS cm⁻¹. Based on the gel polymer electrolyte, a quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its overall energy conversion efficiency of light-to-electricity of 3.10% was achieved under irradiation of 100 mW cm⁻².     

Experimental research on drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow

In order to investigate the effects of injection position on drag reduction as well as further the effects of polymer additives on turbulent structures, LDA measurements of turbulent pipe flows were conducted. The results show that the amount of drag reduction grows with the increase of the Reynolds number, and injecting the polymer at the centre of pipe is more effective than at the wall. Due to the addition of polymer solution, the axial, radial r.m.s. velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress decrease over the entire pipe cross‐section, the time auto‐correlation coefficients of axial and radial velocity fluctuation at the centre of pipe decay more slowly, the number of spectrum peaks is decreased, and the peak shifts towards lower wave numbers. The results also reveal that, due to the addition of polymer solution, the large‐scale vortices are enhanced and small‐scale vortices are suppressed.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) polymer magnetic microspheres

A modified method to prepare chitosan-poly(acrylic acid)(CS-PAA) polymer magnetic microspheres was reported in this paper. First, via self-assembly of positively charged CS and negatively charged Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, magnetic CS cores with a large amount of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were successfully prepared. Subsequently, the AA monomers were polymerized on the magetic CS cores based on the reaction system of water-soluble polymer-monomer pairs. These polymer magnetic microspheres had a high Fe₃O₄ loading content, and showed unique pH-dependent behaviors on the size and zeta potential. From the magnetometer measurements data, the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres also had superparamagnetic property as well as fast magnetic response. A continuous release of the entrapped ammonium glycyrrhizinate in such polymer magnetic microspheres occurred, which confirmed the potential applications of these microspheres for the targeted delivery of drugs.     

A new possibility of photostabilization of polymers by keto-enol tautomerizm of some β-dicarbonyls with fluoro (-CF3) group

Summary It has been found that -dicarbonyl compounds such as 1-phenyl-butane-1,3-dione(benzoyl-acetone)and 4,4,4-trifluoro-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (benzoyl-trifluoroacetone) can effectively photostabilize photodegradation of polyisoprene in solutions containing protonic solvents (alcohols). The photostabilization mechanism is due to the photo-enolization reaction, during which absorbed UV radiation is consumed for the proceeding of this reaction. The photostabilization of formulations containing alcohol by -dicarbonyl compounds, has potential application in the protection of cosmetics against photoageing reaction.     

足球动态传球网络的可视化

足球传球网络分析对提高球队的进攻效率起着重要作用.然而,大多数现有工作都将传球网络视为静态网络,忽略了比赛过程中传球的时空演变.该工作通过与领域专家的深入访谈总结了动态传球网络分析的重要任务,并提出了一个交互式可视分析系统支持对传球网络的时空动态性进行全面分析.该系统应用了基于图标的可视化方法和投影技术,以呈现不同时间下的传球网络拓扑结构和传球空间上下文信息.该系统可以辅助用户发现传球网络结构和传球所在的空间位置在时间上的变化模式以及两者之间的关联,并根据传球网络动态性对比赛过程进行更深入的解读,发现有价值的传球网络变化策略.通过案例分析和专家访谈,验证了该系统在分析传球网络动态性的可用性和有效性.     

组件感知的高分辨率三维物体重建方法

基于体素表示的三维物体重建计算代价会随着体素分辨率的增加呈立方增长.为了缓解这一问题,提出组件感知的三维物体重建方法,将三维物体分解成多个组件,通过预测组件几何结构和组装组件的方式重建三维物体,从而将高分辨率三维物体的重建问题分解成一系列低分辨率组件的重建问题.组件感知的三维物体重建方法使用组件位置预测模块预测所有组件的位置;使用组件特征提取模块融合组件表观特征与组件几何特征生成组件联合特征;使用组件几何结构重建模块根据组件联合特征重建组件的几何形状;最后将所有组件按其位置信息组装成高分辨率的三维物体.实验使用ShapeNet数据集在一个拥有12 GB内存的NVIDIA 1080 Maxwell GPU上进行.对比方法包括一个基于八叉树的高分辨率重建方法、一个基于LSTM的低分辨率重建方法和一个使用编码器-解码器架构的Baseline方法.高分辨率重建结果显示,组件感知的三维物体重建方法能够以较小的计算代价取得满意的高分辨率三维物体重建精度.在低分辨率重建实验上,该方法也取得了更高的重建精度,在13个类别上的平均精度达到了0.618.