Analysis of Radio Resource Allocation in LTE Uplink

Long term evolution (LTE) uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) as the downlink and uplink transmission schemes respectively. The Quality of Service (QoS) provision to users is one of the key objectives of the wireless network operators. This paper analyses an uplink LTE radio scheduler, called bandwidth and QoS aware (BQA) scheduler and evaluates its QoS performance. The BQA uplink scheduler is designed to provide efficient and fair allocation of the radio resources to users according to: the QoS of various traffic classes and the instantaneous channel conditions. The scheduler functionality is divided into time domain packet scheduling (TDPS) and frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS). In this paper, an innovative feature, that is user QoS provisioning with dynamic QoS weights, is employed for the BQA scheduler along with multi-bearer users support. The QoS performance of the BQA scheduler is analyzed in several simulation scenarios using heterogeneous traffic environment. The results show that the BQA scheduler guarantees provision of QoS to users.     

Evaluation of peanut husk as a novel,low cost biosorbent for the removal of Indosol Orange RSN dye from aqueous solutions: batch and fixed bed studies

The feasibility of using peanut husk biomass for the removal of Indosol Orange RSN dye was explored during this study. Batch experiments were conducted with native, polyethyleneimine (PEI) treated and Na-alginate immobilized biomass. Different important process parameters like pH, contact time, biosorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature were optimized during batch study. Low pH and low biosorbent dose were found to be the feasible conditions for the maximum biosorption of dye. PEI-treated biomass exhibited maximum biosorption capacity (79.5 mg g^?1) for Indosol Orange RSN dye. Pseudo-second-order equation generated the best agreement with experimental data. Different equilibrium isotherm models were applied to the experimental data. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model showed better fitness to the experimental results. Biosorption process was found to be exothermic in nature and thermodynamic study was carried out to check out the feasibility of process. Continuous mode study was performed with native peanut husk biomass to optimize the bed height, flow rate, and initial dye concentration for maximum dye removal. The results indicate that maximum dye removal (8.8 mg L^?1) was obtained with 3 cm bed height and 1.8 mL min^?1 flow rate by using 70 mg L^?1 initial dye concentration. Characterization of biosorbent was carried out by determination of point of zero charge, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings revealed that peanut husk biomass has a high biosorption potential, and it can be exploited for the treatment of dye containing waste water.     

Gender affects rats' central nervous system histaminergic responses to dietary manipulation

The histaminergic system (histamine and its H1-receptor) of the central nervous system has been implicated in control of food intake. The reported studies were designed to examine the effects of food restriction and very low (1%) protein diets on central nervous system H1-receptors in male and female rats. In a series of experiments, groups of rats were freely fed a 25% protein diet, a 1% protein diet, or fed the 25% protein diet at 4 g/100 g body weight for 14-20 d. When freely fed 25% protein diets, females had higher whole-brain H1-receptor binding than males on d 1 (female 122.36 +/- 4.53 and male 65.78 +/- 3.82 pmol/g protein; P < 0.001). Changing diets affected central H1-receptor binding in both males and females (P < 0.003). When rats were fed both restricted levels of food and 1% protein diets, the receptor binding of males increased by d 5 whereas that of females decreased by d 5 (P < 0.001). When fed 1% protein diets, females had decreased H1-receptor binding (98.4 +/- 2.38 pmol/g protein) and that in males increased to 119.81 +/- 5.09 pmol/g protein. After 15 d, females had eaten significantly more food than males: females 166 +/- 4.9 g, males 124 +/- 1.9 g (P< 0.0007). Males had a significantly greater weight loss than females: males -28.8 +/- 2.6 g, females -17.08 +/- 0.97 g (P < 0.0007). When fed restricted diets, females had decreased H1-receptor binding (93.81 +/- 5.58 pmol/g) whereas binding in males increased to 111.27 +/- 8.55 pmol/g. Preliminary saturation binding studies indicated that restricted food intake lowered receptor density (females consuming 25% protein: 715 +/- 30 pmol/g protein; female restricted: 467 +/- 28 pmol/g protein, P < 0.05), while 1% protein increased receptor sensitivity, i.e., lowered KD (males consuming 25% protein: 15.3 +/- 1.8 nmol; males fed low protein: 2.8 +/- 0.27 nmol). This study suggests that dietary manipulation affects central H1-receptor binding in a gender-specific manner, thereby modulating central histaminergic activity during food or protein deficit.     

Variable VCC design techniques forbattery-operated DRAMs

Wide-voltage-range DRAMs with extended data retention are desirable for battery-operated or portable computers and consumer devices. The techniques required to obtain wide operation, functionality, and performance of standard DRAMs from 1.8 V (two NiCd or alkaline batteries) to 3.6 V (upper end of LVTTL standard) are described. Specific techniques shown are: (1) a low-power and low-voltage reference generator for detecting V_CC level; (2) compensation of DC generators, V_BB and V_PP, for obtaining high speed at reduced voltages; (3) a static word-line driver and latch-isolation sense amplifier for reducing operating current; and (4) a programmable V_CC variable self-refresh scheme for obtaining maximum data retention time over a full operating range. A sub-50-ns access time is obtained for a 16 M DRAM (2 M×8) by simulation     

Fractional cell formation in group technology using modified ART1 neural networks

Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that attempts to reduce production cost by reducing the material handling and transportation cost. The GT cell formation by any known algorithm/heuristics results in much intercell movement known as exceptional elements. In such cases, fractional cell formation using reminder cells can be adopted successfully to minimize the number of exceptional elements. The fractional cell formation problem is solved using modified adaptive resonance theory1 network (ART1). The input to the modified ART1 is machine-part incidence matrix comprising of the binary digits 0 and 1. This method is applied to the known benchmarked problems found in the literature and it is found to be equal or superior to other algorithms in terms of minimizing the number of the exceptional elements. The relative merits of using this method with respect to other known algorithms/heuristics in terms of computational speed and consistency are presented.     

Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: success and failure rates in the United Arab Emirates

Randomized, prospective trials examining the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy have given distinct information into the mechanisms and prevention of embolic strokes. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) have demonstrated the benefits of carotid endarterectomy for patients who meet the precise selection criteria and are treated according to established study protocols. The existing challenge to clinicians lies in the application of trial results to the individual patient.     

Some aspects of the thermal stability of poly(alkyl itaconic acid esters)

The thermal stability of members of several series of polyitaconates has been assessed using thermogravimetric and thermal volatilisation techniques. From these data general degradation patterns have been established. The poly (di-n-alkyl itaconates) are stable up to 570K before chain breakdown occurs. The poly(mono-n-alkyl itaconates) are less stable and undergo a dehydration/de-esterification reaction at 430K which results in the formation of anhydride structures. This reaction can be suppressed by the formation of the salts. In the copolymers, salt formation also leads to increased stability but the range of copolymers studied was too restricted to draw general conclusions about their thermal behaviour.