利用地震属性钻前预测井壁稳定性

钻前准确预测井壁稳定性是防止钻进过程中井壁失稳的有效手段。声波时差和地层密度是井壁稳定分析的两个关键参数。根据地震记录与地层声波时差及密度之间存在的非线性关系，提出了利用地震属性钻前预测井壁稳定性的方法。从井旁地震记录中提取地震属性，通过RBF神经网络在已钻井段的地震属性与声波时差及密度之间建立起映射模型，以此为基础预测待钻地层的声波时差和密度。运用预测结果结合井壁稳定力学模型，确定岩石力学参数和地应力状态，计算井壁坍塌压力和破裂压力，确定安全钻井液密度窗口，实现钻前井壁稳定预测。该方法在塔里木油田的应用中取得了良好的预测效果。     

pH Responsive Abelmoschus esculentus Mucilage and Administration of Methotrexate: In-Vitro Antitumor and In-Vivo Toxicity Evaluation

The rapid progression in biomaterial nanotechnology apprehends the potential of non-toxic and potent polysaccharide delivery modules to overcome oral chemotherapeutic challenges. The present study is aimed to design, fabricate and characterize polysaccharide nanoparticles for methotrexate (MTX) delivery. The nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage (AEM) and chitosan (CS) by the modified coacervation method, followed by ultra-sonification. The NPs showed much better pharmaceutical properties with a spherical shape and smooth surface of 213.4–254.2 nm with PDI ranging between 0.279–0.485 size with entrapment efficiency varying from 42.08 ± 1.2 to 72.23 ± 2.0. The results revealed NPs to possess positive zeta potential and a low polydispersity index (PDI). The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release of the drug up to 32 h with pH-dependence. Blank AEM -CS NPs showed no in-vivo toxicity for a time duration of 14 days, accompanied by high cytotoxic effects of optimized MTX loaded NPs against MCF-7 and MD-MBA231 cells by MTT assay. In conclusion, the findings advocated the therapeutic potential of AEM/CS NPs as an efficacious tool, offering a new perspective for pH-responsive routing of anticancer drugs with tumor cells as a target.     

Experimental study of thermal performance improvement in a cross-flow heat exchanger by using copper foam

In this study, copper foam was used as a porous medium in place of traditional aluminum fins. A comparison between the two heat exchangers—one with fins and the other with copper foam—was conducted under various conditions. The air inlet velocity ranged from 0.9 to 9.3 m/s, and the water inlet temperature ranged from 10°C to 18°C. Different water flow rates were tested. A comparison was made between the performance of copper foam and aluminum fins by calculating several parameters, including thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, Colburn factor, Nusselt number, friction factor, and area goodness factor (AG). The experimental results showed that at low air velocities, the heat transfer coefficient for both types of heat exchangers was almost equal. However, at high air velocities, the copper foam exhibited a higher heat transfer coefficient. The Colburn factor was higher for the heat exchanger with copper foam than in the conventional fins, where it was equal to 0.1959 for the copper foam and 0.1186 for the fins. On the other hand, the AG was higher in the case of fins than in the heat exchanger with copper foam.     

CARR二回路冷却系统碳钢管道的腐蚀与防护

针对中国先进研究堆(CARR)的特殊性,以静态挂片实验与动态模拟实验相结合,采用挂片失重的方法计算腐蚀速率,着重从Cl-、SO2-4、Mg2+和Ca2+浓缩比,pH值,缓蚀阻垢剂浓度等方面开展了碳钢腐蚀影响因素的分析与研究。结果表明,在CARR二回路中,Cl-、SO2-4、Mg2+和Ca2+的浓缩比为2~3,pH值为8.0~8.5,缓释阻垢剂LJ-301的浓度为0.12g/L左右的水质为最佳状态,经24h浸泡或循环水冲击下,20#碳钢的防腐效果明显。     

A Channel Borrowing Approach for Cluster-based Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile Networks and Applications - In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), energy-efficient routing is required to conserve the scarce resources of these networks. Various energy-efficient routing...     

高效驱油压裂液的开发与应用

针对长庆油田现用瓜胶压裂液摩阻高、破胶残渣多、回收处理难度大的问题,将超分子化学、胶体化学与油田化学相结合,研发出一种可替代瓜胶压裂液的高效驱油清洁压裂液体系,该压裂液由1.5% XYZC-6稠化剂、0.15% XYTJ-3调节剂组成。XYZC-6是一种以近肽链结构的黏弹性表面活性剂与多组分有机溶剂复合而成的材料,是一种可实时连续混配并能重复使用的增稠剂。XYTJ-3与返排液中的各项离子可形成溶于水的络合物,降低矿化度对压裂液的性能影响。实验表明,该压裂液耐温90℃,抗盐可达100 000 mg/L,具有良好的携砂、减阻性能,并且压裂液破胶彻底,破胶液残渣含量为2 mg/L,破胶液的界面张力可达0.01~0.001 mN/m。高效驱油压裂液在长庆油田靖安区块得以成功应用,产后单井产量是相邻井产量的2倍,返排液经分离沉降等简单处理后即可再配压裂液,末端返排液经处理可用于驱油,变废为宝,实现压裂液"零排放、零污染",大幅度降低了压裂液的环境污染,为压裂液"不落地"技术提供了保障。      

Promotion of healthy lifestyle: knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians

Preretinal neovascularization and chronic retinal oedema are the two major sight-threatening complications that can occur during diabetic retinopathy. Ocular neovascularization is strongly associated with retinal ischaemia, and growth factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. The ischaemic retina is assumed to secrete growth factors that stimulate residual vessels to proliferate. Interest has focused on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and more recently vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). Histologic studies have demonstrated the presence of growth factor proteins and receptors and/or their mRNA, mainly VEGF, PDGF, and bFGF, in preretinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Elevated intravitreal levels of IGF-1 and VEGF correlating with neovascular activity have been found in some patients. However, a direct causal relationship between ischaemia, growth factors and neovascularization has not been clearly demonstrated despite considerable research work. To date, the growth factor correlating most closely with neovascularization is VEGF. As many growth factors seem to be produced during the neovascular process, their specific inhibition probably will have limited effects. Laser photocoagulation of the retina has proved beneficial for regression of new vessels, probably through destruction of the ischaemic retina producing neovascular growth factors, and is currently the only treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Inhibition of IGF-1 by somatostatin analogs has produced unsatisfactory results. Other vascular inhibitors are currently being studied.     

Antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of fluorinated titanium by plasma-based surface modification

Biomaterial surfaces with satisfied antibacterial activity and appropriate cytocompatibility are a pressing clinical need for orthopedic and dental implants.Fluorinecontaining biomaterials have been demonstrated to obtain antibacterial activity and osteogenic property,while the effect of fluorine chemical compositions on antibacterial property and cytocompatibility is rarely studied.To this end,the coatings with different fluorine chemical compositions on titanium surface were prepared by plasma treatment to verify the antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility of fluorinated surfaces.Their antibacterial ability was evaluated by using Staphylococcus aureus,and the cell compatibility was investigated with MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro.The results show that both fluorocarbon coating and metal fluorides coating exhibited a hydrophilic and nano-scaled roughness.Rather than the fluorocarbon coating,the coating composed of metal fluorides presented satisfied bactericide effect and excellent cytocompatibility.The antibacterial mechanism is associated with the metal fluorides and released fluoride ion.This work would provide novel sight in optimizing the surface modification method of fluorinated biomaterials for biomedical applications.     

探讨浓香型酒醅小茬与回缸发酵模型与产量质量的关系

在浓香型白酒的生产过程中,处于窖内中上部的小茬醅与回缸醅的发酵规律与位于窖池底部的大茬醅的发酵规律是完全不一致的.小茬与回缸醅的发酵是否正常对产酒数量以及原酒质量都起到十分重要的影响.通过深入研究和探索小茬、回缸等上层酒醅的发酵规律,得出普遍发酵规律曲线及异常发酵曲线,并从生产实际应用角度解析构建它们的最佳发酵模型,并...     

漂白中超声波处理对纤维结构及性能的影响

研究了探头式超声波仪与槽式超声波仪对三倍体毛白杨机械浆超声波漂白工艺的影响.用纤维长宽度测定仪及x射线衍射仪(XED)测定了纤维长度及纤维素结晶度.研究发现:槽式超声仪超声漂白CTMP浆,漂白时间为30min,漂白温度50℃时,效果较好.在两种不同类型超声仪处理时,纸浆纤维长度变化都不大,说明纤维素大分子结构未被破坏.糟式超声波仪与探头式超声仪超声漂白时,纤维均发生细纤维化作用,纤维细胞壁上初生壁和次生壁外层S<,1>,被破坏,次生壁中层S<,2>,上微纤维暴露,分离出大量的细小纤维,且探头式超声仪比槽式超声仪对纤维的作用更为明显.纤维经探头式及槽式超声发生器处理后,纤维素晶体类型无变化,仍保持晶区与非晶区共存的状态,但纤维素的结晶度整体变化趋势均为先增大后减小.