Polyurethane/poly[bis(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] blends and their potential as flame‐retardant materials

A functionalized polyphosphazene, poly[bis(carboxylatophenoxy)‐phosphazene], was blended with a structural polyurethane via reactive mixing of the polymer with diisocyante and diol prepolymers. The thermal stabilites of the resultant foams were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The char yields at both 400°C and 600°C increased relative to the pure polyurethane upon increasing the amount of polyphosphazene from 5 wt% to 20 wt%. At higher incorporations, the char at 400°C remained the same, but the char at 600°C continued to increase. The combustion behavior of these foams was analyzed both qualitatively, by a horizontal flame test, and quantitatively, by oxygen index (OI) measurements. Both of these tests indicated an increase in flame resistance at loadings of 20 wt% and above.     

时光的收纳箱

<正>时光宝盒不仅为珍稀名表提供了绝佳的收藏环境,其优雅大方的外形与顶级的材质运用,更让纯手工打造的收藏盒成为德国工艺的代表。为了安全性考虑,名流豪贵不得不让自己收藏的珍稀名表蜷缩在密闭的密码箱里,折煞了动辄百万身价的光芒。然而,时光宝盒(BubenZorweg)系列藏表箱却用全透视水晶玻璃,大胆地炫耀出奢华的珍品。与瑞士银行相媲美的安保系统,更是吸引富豪们一掷千金,因为拥有了它,就相当于为你的珍品名表找到了真正意义上的托付之所。     

有一抹蓝,叫葡萄牙

<正>明净谦逊的蓝瓷砖已融入了葡萄牙血液之中,葡萄牙人以它为背景,欢笑、哭泣、亲吻、道别,自如地生活着。海的蓝色曾是葡萄牙人远航理想的起源。教堂外墙上、民居大门旁,满壁海蓝色的瓷砖,渗透出一座面朝大海的古国曾有的斑斓。这抹明净谦逊的蓝,就像墨滴于宣纸上,将航海民族从海岸线到内陆,一点一点浸透。从此,在艺术家的调色板上,又多了一种蓝,叫做葡萄牙。杜罗河畔,蓝色熏染当目光第一次触碰近千年的海港老城波尔图(P0rt0)时,便不由自主地陷入一场蓝色之恋。     

Intercomparison of Aerosol Spectrometers for Ambient Air Monitoring

Three aerosol spectrometers measuring the number concentration distribution of particles in the diameter range 0.01 to 2.5 w m were compared by running them side-by-side for 385 h under ambient air conditions in Erfurt, Germany in October 1997. From the spectral data the measured hourly number concentrations in 3 size fractions, the ultrafine fraction (0.01-0.1 w m), the accumulation fraction (0.1-0.5 w m), and the coarse fraction (0.5-2.5 w m), were analyzed. The systematic component of the difference between the instruments was assessed as the geometric mean of the ratio of the measured concentrations (GMR) and the random component as the geometric standard deviation of this ratio (GSR). Previous statistical methods to compare instruments were developed further. A nonlinear multivariate regression method was used to compare the aerosol distribution consisting of several size fractions. Also, the imprecision of the individual instruments (GSI) was estimated. Comparing the instruments within the ultrafine and accumulation fractions, both the GMRs and GSRs ranged between 1.06 and 1.23 and correlations were above 0.98. In the coarse fraction, the GMR of the number concentrations ranged between 0.25 and 4.19, the GSRs between 1.81 and 2.61, and the correlations between 0.72 and 0.85. The GSIs of the instruments were below 1.2 for all fractions but the coarse fraction. To explore possible differences in the classification of particles into the accumulation and coarse fractions, coarse fractions were regressed with the coarse and the accumulation fractions of the other instruments. Using a conversion based on this regression, the GSRs between instruments were minimized to 1.35 and the GSI to below 1.3. In conclusion, the aerosol spectrometers were in good agreement in the ultrafine and accumulation size fractions. The differences in the measured number concentrations in the coarse fraction were effectively corrected by using a regression method taking into account also the concentration in accumulation fraction, which suggests possible differences in particle sizing at 0.5 w m.     

In vitro fermentation of 12 dietary fibres by faecal inoculum from pigs and humans

In vitro fermentation of 12 dietary fibres by faecal inocula from pigs and humans were performed. The fibres included homoglucans, mannans, fructans, polyuronides, and complex heteroglycans. Gas production, short chain fatty acid production and fibre degradation products were monitored during fermentation. Human inoculum has more ability to ferment resistant starch and fibres containing uronic acids. In contrast, pig inoculum is able to ferment cellulose, which is hardly fermented by human inoculum. The sugar and linkage composition of the fibres has an important influence on fibre fermentation patterns. Fibres containing uronic acids induced the production of acetate, whereas fibres containing neutral sugars induced the production of propionate or butyrate. Fermentation of the fructans showed that molecular size could be an influential factor, and fermentation of complex heteroglycans showed that the arrangement of sugars in the molecules may also affect the fermentation patterns. This experiment also shows that monitoring of fibre degradation products is important for understanding how fibres are degraded during fermentation.     

Konzeptionelles hydrogeologisches Modell zur Analyse und Bewertung von Verweilzeiten in Hessen

A regional scale conceptual hydrogeological model has been developed for evaluating residence times of groundwater in the upper aquifers and unsaturated zone within the Federal State of Hessen (Germany). The model is based on digitally available data bases and was applied with a spatial resolution of 60?m×60?m. Typical residence times for areas of unconsolidated deposits ranged between 10 and 25 years, whereas residence times of less than 5?years were found in areas of consolidated rock. Within the EU-Water Framework Directive, these results may help in assessing temporal and regional impacts of measures to reduce mass loading from the surface to groundwater. This will lead to better decisions, for instance whether additional measures to reach the environmental objectives should be applied.     

Towards a psychiatry of peoples.

This article was originally published in Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 1948, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp. 105-116. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1950-01289-001.) This study is concerned with the limited objective of indicating the possibilities of general or social psychiatry, as a field in which method may be applied and from investigations in which information useful in promoting world-wide improvement of living may be expected to result. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)