Die Macht der Bilder oder Everybody’s gonna be a Star for 15/10 of a Second

Nahezu alle Lebensvorg?nge und -bereiche werden heute weltweit verbildlicht. Videokameras, die unser Verhalten im ?ffentlichen und nicht-?ffentlichen Bereich aufzeichnen, Google, das unsere H?user filmt und sie weltweit zug?nglich macht; Facebook, das unsere Fotos scannt und unsere Gesichter identifiziert. Das nationale Datenschutzrecht und insbesondere das Unionsrecht lassen bislang überzeugende Antworten auf diese Verbildlichung des Alltags vermissen, Bilder werden als „normale“ personenbezogene Daten eingeordnet. Im Entwurf der Europ?ischen Kommission für eine Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DS-GVO) ist im Gegensatz etwa zum deutschen Recht die Videoüberwachung explizit nicht geregelt. Jedoch kommt Bildern eine besondere Macht zu. Sie wirkt sich deutlich auf die Pers?nlichkeitsrechte betroffener Personen aus. Mit den neuen Facetten der Macht der Bilder befasst sich der folgende Beitrag.     

On Enforced Convergence of ACO and its Implementation on the Reconfigurable Mesh Architecture Using Size Reduction Tasks

In this paper we show that size reduction tasks can be used for executing iterative randomized metaheuristics on runtime reconfigurable architectures so that an improved throughput and better solution qualities are obtained compared to conventional architectures that do not allow runtime reconfiguration. In particular, the problem of executing ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms on a dynamically reconfigurable mesh architecture is studied. It is shown how ACO can be implemented such that the convergence behavior of the algorithm can be used to dynamically reduce the size of the submesh that is needed for execution. Furthermore we propose a method to enforce the convergence of ACO leading to a faster reduction process. This increases the throughput of ACO algorithms on runtime reconfigurable meshes. The increased throughput is used for repeated runs of ACO algorithms on a given set of problem instances which significantly improves the obtained solution quality.     

Advances in chemical studies on low-molecular weight metabolites of marine fungi

The world oceans represent a resource of huge dimension, but their microbial diversity is still poorly understood. The chemistry of marine fungi was even a widely neglected part of natural product chemistry until recently. But symbiotic and epibiotic coexistence of fungi with higher forms of life, e.g. with sponges, forming highly specialised communities gave rise to an increasing interest in their secondary metabolism. More than 100 metabolites from marine fungi are known now, many of them showing fascinating structures or remarkable biological activities. This review gives a comprehensive summary of most structures and discusses their origin and properties.     

Stilbene-containing liquid crystalline side chain homo- and copolysiloxanes: Microphase separation and chemical modification to electroconducting materials

The phase behaviour of two classes of side chain polysiloxanes, containing respectively 4-cyano- and 4-alkoxy-4′-stilbene-ether mesogens, was studied over a wide temperature range by differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray diffraction, with special attention devoted to the characterisation of the microdomain phase morphology. Room temperature X-ray diffraction studies suggest for certain polymers with cyanostilbene mesogens the occurrence of microphase separation; this effect becomes significant as the amount of polysiloxane backbone versus the side chains increases. The onset of electrical conductivity was followed upon exposure of the polymeric films to various doping agents; conductivities up to 2 × 10⁻¹ S cm⁻¹ were measured when cyanostilbene-containing polymers were exposed to strong Lewis acids such as SO₃ or SbF₅. However, occurrence of some chemical degradation upon heavy doping and of electrode polarisation during DC conductivity measurements indicate that the observed electroconductivity is not purely electronic.     

Thermochromic Furofurans. IV. Approach to the synthesis of bridgehead substituted furo[3,2-b]furans and side products of McMurry reactions

Substituted dihydroxystilbenes 2 are suitable starting materials for the synthesis of photochromic systems derived from 3 / 4 . Attempts to couple the naphthones 8a - 8e by the McMurry reaction with TiCl₃/LiAlH₄ yielded mainly reduction products such as 8f , g or 9 . However, the furofuran 3b was isolated when using the zinc–copper couple for reduction. The helicene 11 was formed as an unexpected by-product in the McMurry reaction of the pivaloylnaphthalene 8d .     

Transformation of X-Phase SiAlON to Mullite

The transformation of X-phase SiAlON (a composition of approximately Si₃Al₆O₁₂N₂) to 3/2 mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) plus vitreous silica (SiO₂) at temperatures >1200°C has been studied in polycrystalline ceramics via transmission electron microscopy. The transformation of X-phase SiAlON to mullite is observed to be topotactical. Analyses of electron-diffraction patterns and lattice-fringe images reveal the following orientation relationship between X-phase SiAlON (X) and mullite (Mu): (110)_Mu∥ (100)_X and [001]_Mu∥ [010]_X. The observed orientation relationship between mullite and X-phase SiAlON and the close similarities between both structures-especially the occurrence of the same type of octahedral chains-suggest that these types of structural units are preserved during the transformation process. Excess noncrystalline SiO₂ is exsolved between the mullite crystallites and is transported to the sample surface in later transformation stages.     

Anforderungen an Vakuumpumpen zur Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen

The Directive 94/9/EC describes the conception and structure of equipments and protection systems for use in potential explosive atmospheres on the European Market. It becams legal validity the 1^st July 2003. For help the manufactures to fulfill the requirements, the following paper want to give informations to the manufactures and also to the operator of explosion protected vacuum pumps to the application of the existing legal and, partly, to the normative regulations, which are still under evaluation. There are shown the legal and normative regulations as well as the essential requirements for ensuring the explotion protection for vacuum pumps. Possibilities to avoid ignition sources at operations in, and the discharge of potential explosive atmospheres are also given.     

Spektroskopische und Dipolmoment-Untersuchungen an Halogenfluorid-Additionsprodukten der Chalkone

Spectroscopical and Dipole Moment Investigations of Halogen Fluoride Addition Products of Chalcones Chalcone halogen fluoride addition products 1–3 are investigated in the i.r. and ¹H-n.m.r. spectroscopy field as well as in the substituent dependence of spectral parameters and molecular dipole moment. The assign of configuration and conformation on basis of ¹H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and dipole moments are discussed.