Software zur Verpackungslogistik

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse eines Vergleichs von Software zur Verpackungslogistik vor. Es werden vier Programmpakete gegenübergestellt, die von deutschen bzw. englischen Firmen derzeit angeboten werden.     

Behavioural and neurochemical sensitization of morphine-withdrawn rats to quinpirole

The sensitivity of dopamine D2-like receptors in morphine-withdrawn rats was studied using the selective agonist quinpirole. Morphine was administered twice daily increasing the daily dose from 20 to 50 mg/kg during 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last morphine administration the rats were given quinpirole (0.01-1 mg/kg) and their behavior was assessed. Withdrawal from repeated morphine treatment enhanced yawning behavior and penile erections induced by small doses (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) as well as the intensity of stereotypy induced by a large dose (1.0 mg/kg) of quinpirole. In the morphine-withdrawn rats the dose of 1 mg/kg of quinpirole caused less yawning than in the control rats, whereas the number of erections induced by this dose was enhanced as compared with the control animals. In the control rats, the striatal and limbic concentrations of dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA), were not clearly affected by the smallest dose of quinpirole. However, the small dose of quinpirole (0.01 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of DOPAC and HVA in the striatum and limbic forebrain of the rats withdrawn from morphine either for 24 or 48 h. These findings indicate that withdrawal from repeated morphine treatment enhances the sensitivity of dopamine D2-like receptors.     

Yield of hydrogen during cathodic polarisation of Al–Sn alloys

The results presented in this paper were obtained with three Al–Sn binary alloys (0.09, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.% Sn, respectively) that had been prepared on super pure (99.999%) Al base. The yield of hydrogen evolved during cathodic polarisation of Al–Sn alloys in a 2 M NaCl solution was measured volumetrically as a function of current density, temperature and tin content in the alloy. The yield was established to be somewhat below 2 at all current densities and at low temperatures, while with increasing temperature it approached the value of 4. With the increase of tin content in the alloy, the yield of hydrogen decreases, which depends on the degree of hyperactivity that occurs in Al–Sn alloys in the region of high cathodic potentials.     

Einfluss der Holzfeuchte und ausgewählter technologischer Parameter auf die Verklebung mit 1K-PUR Klebstoffen unter extremen klimatischen Bedingungen

One-part adhesives need a minimum amount of water for a complete reaction. Glueing problems are reported especially during the winter period when the atmospheric humidity is low. The objective of the present investigation was to experimentally determine the impact of changes in the influencing factors such as low wood moisture content, atmospheric humidity, open waiting time and additional water amount on the behaviour of one-part PUR adhesives. Three adhesives from Purbond AG/Switzerland with different reaction speeds were used. Obvious differences in the behaviour of the adhesives could be demonstrated. The investigation shows that technological minimum requirements have to be strictly observed to achieve a sufficient bonding.     

Shape optimization of structural parts in dynamic mechanical systems based on fatigue calculations

In this paper a new method for an automated shape optimization of dynamically loaded components in mechanical systems is presented. The optimization is carried out by means of the results of a durability analysis based on finite elements. Load time histories, which are necessary for durability analyses, are derived from a multibody simulation. The whole optimization loop, which is an iterative procedure, incorporates all these gradual analysis steps and is implemented by the authors in a straightforward, batch-oriented manner using well-known standard software. Since the whole process involves several different analysis types, such as multibody system simulation and durability analysis, the resulting setup is rather complex. Furthermore, the reader may not be familiar with all the terms arising within the context of every single analysis domain. Therefore, some essential aspects of each of the stages involved in the process are explained to provide the reader with the necessary background. In the following, the required software setup as well as the implementation are described. Finally, an academic example is discussed to illustrate and clearly outline the potential of this method.     

The Measurement of Business Intelligence

Based on a literature review, this article identifies and assesses measurement approaches for two different purposes: determining the value of BI and managing the BI process within an organization.